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NURS254 Peds > Seizure Medications > Flashcards

Seizure Medications Flashcards

1
Q

what medications are in the class: benzodiazepine

A
  • lorazepam
  • diazepam
  • midazolam
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2
Q

what are benzodiazepines used for

A
  • acute seizures
  • status epilepticus
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3
Q

what are common side effects of benzodiazepines

A
  • drowsiness
  • resp depression
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4
Q

nursing considerations for benzodiazepines

A
  • assess sedation level
  • monitor resp status
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5
Q

what med is included in the drug class: barbiturates

A

phenobarbital

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6
Q

what is phenobarbital used for

A
  • neonatal seizures
  • status epilepticus (second line)
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7
Q

what are common side effects with phenobarbital

A
  • sedation
  • cognitive impairment
  • resp depression
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8
Q

what are nursing considerations for phenobarbital

A
  • assess sedation level
  • monitor for extreme resp depression
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9
Q

what other 4 meds are anti-epileptic drugs

A
  • phenytoin
  • valproic acid (Depakote)
  • gabapentin
  • levetiracetam (Keppra)
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10
Q

what are common side effects of phenytoin

A
  • gingival hyperplasia
  • ataxia
  • rash (SJS)

report ataxia, hand tremor, slurred speech

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11
Q

what are expected side effects of phenytoin

A
  • bradycardia
  • hypotension
  • gingival hyperplasia

don’t stop the drug for these

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12
Q

what are nursing considerations for phenytoin

A
  • monitor seum levels: max range is 20
  • avoid rapid IV administration
  • take same time everyday

routine bloodwork

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13
Q

what are common side effects of valproic acid (Depakote)

A
  • nausea
  • weight gain
  • liver toxicity
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14
Q

what are nursing considerations with valproic acid

A
  • monitor serum and liver function tests
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15
Q

what are common side effects of gabapentin

A
  • dizziness
  • fatigue
  • ataxia
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16
Q

what are nursing considerations for gabapentin

A
  • assess for changes in seizure frequency
17
Q

what are common side effects of levetiracetam (Keppra)

A
  • fatigue
  • irritability
  • dizziness
  • rash (SJS)
18
Q
  • what are nursing considerations for levetiracetam
A
  • watch for mood/behavior changes
19
Q

what are factors to consider when giving benzodiazepines and barbituates

A
  • resp depression
  • sedation and CNS (barbituates have longer duration of action)
  • hypotension if administered IV too quickly
  • interaction iwth other CNS depressants (i.e. opioids)
  • narrow therapeutic range
  • always have resuscitation equippment available
20
Q

compare how long the drugs last between benzodiazepines and barbituates

A
  • benzodiazepines act more quickly but wears off sooner
  • barbiturates have prolonged half-life; leading to longer sedation
21
Q

tell me the MOA for:
benzodiazepines
barbiturates
phenytoin
gabapentin
valproic acid
levetiracetam

A
  • benzodiazepines: enhance GABA
  • barbiturates: enhance GABA
  • phenytoin: alters ion transport
  • gabapentin: alters ion transport
  • valproic acid: boosts GABA, alters ion transport
  • levetiracetum: inhibit burst firing, prevent hypersynchronization of burst firing and propagation of seizure

NURS254 Peds (6 decks)

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