Seizure and syncope lecture

Question 1

What are primary Seizures?

Answer 1

USUALLY DUE TO A GENETIC OR UNKNOWN CAUSE
EPILEPSY IS A CAUSE OF PRIMARY SEIZURE

Question 2

What are Secondary Seizures?

Answer 2

NOT GENETICS BUT AS A INSULT TO THE BODY
THESE SEIZURES CAN LEAD TO DEATH IF NOT TREATED PROMPTLY

Question 3

What is a Seizure

Answer 3

burst of uncontrolled electrical activity between brain cells (also called neurons or nerve cells) that causes temporary abnormalities in muscle tone or movements (stiffness, twitching or limpness), behaviors, sensations or states of awareness.

Question 4

what is status elipticus?

Answer 4

ACTIVITY LASTING MORE THAN 30 MINUTES
BRIEF SEIZURES LAST 5 MINUTES
PROLONGED ARE BETWEEN 5-30 MINUTES
or
2 OR MORE SEQUENTIAL SEIZURES WITHOUT A FULL RECOVERY OF CONSCIOUSNESS BETWEEN SEIZURES

Question 5

What are types of generalized seizure?

Answer 5

TONIC-CLONIC
ABSENCE
MYOCLONIC
TONIC ATONIC

Question 6

What are the key points of tonic-clonic seizures?

Answer 6

ABNORMAL ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY THAT STARTS LOW IN THE CEREBRAL CORTEX AND SPREADS UPWARD AFFECTS BOTH HEMISPHERES AND DOWNWARD AFFECTING THE RAS

JERKY MOVEMENTS IS FROM BOTH HEMISPHERES INVOLVED

PATIENT IS NOT AWARE OR REMAIN AWAKE BECAUSE OF THE INVOLVEMENT IN RAS AND BOTH HEMISPHERES

Question 7

What are the s/s of tonic clonic seizures?

Answer 7

AURA
LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS
TONIC PHASE (MUSCLE RIGIDITY)
CLONIC PHASE (CONVULSION)
POSTICTAL STATE

Question 8

what is the postictal state?

Answer 8

ANYTHING FROM UNRESPONSIVE TO CONFUSION AND DISORIENTATION. USUALLY LASTS FROM 10-30 MINUTES AND SOMETIMES LONGER

Question 9

What are the key points of an absence seizure?

Answer 9

MOST COMMON IN CHILDREN
CESSATION OF CONSCIOUS ACTIVITY, LACK OF SPEAKING AND A BLANK STARE
USUALLY 5-15 SECONDS
RAPID BLINKING, CHEWING AND LACK OF ATTENTION
CHILD IS NOT AWARE

Question 10

What are the key points of a Febrile Seizure?

Answer 10

AGES 6 MOS. TO 6 YEARS
ASSOCIATED WITH A HIGH FEVER
STRIP BABY DOWN TO DIAPER
NOT INDICATIVE OF SEIZURE HISTORY AS THEY GET OLDER

Question 11

What are the key points of a partial Seizure?

Answer 11

SIMPLE OR COMPLEX
DISCHARGE OF NEURONS FROM ONE SPECIFIC PART OF THE BRAIN
SIMPLE PARTIAL - PATIENT IS AWAKE AND ALERT
COMPLEX PARTIAL - THE PATIENT IS AWAKE BUT NOT ALERT

Question 12

What is a simple partial seizure

Answer 12

patient is awake and alert

Question 13

What is a complex partial seizure?

Answer 13

patient is awake but not alert

Question 14

What are types of simple partial seizures?

Answer 14

motor, sensory, autonomic seizures

Question 15

What is a motor seizure?

Answer 15

JERKING OR STIFFENING TO ONE SIDE OF THE BODY

WEAKNESS OF MUSCLE MAY AFFECT THE PATIENTS SPEECH OR AUTOMATED MOVEMENTS SUCH AS CLAPPING HIS HANDS

Question 16

what is an autonomic seizure?

Answer 16

CHANGE IN THE AUTONOMIC FUNCTION TO THE BODY
CHANGES IN HR, RESPIRATORY RATE, OR THEY GET GOOSE BUMPS
STRANGE OR UNPLEASANT SENSATIONS IN THE STOMACH, HEAD OR CHEST

Question 17

What are the key points of sensory seizures?

Answer 17

MAY SMELL OR TASTE SOMETHING
FEEL PAIN, NUMBNESS OR TINGLING
FEEL AS IF THEY ARE FLOATING IN SPACE OR SPINNING
VISUAL HALLUCINATIONS OR HAVE ILLUSIONS

Question 18

What are the key points of Psychic Seizures?

Answer 18

CHANGES IN HOW A PATIENT THINKS, FEELS OR EXPERIENCES THINGS
MEMORY DISTURBANCES, GARBLED SPEECH, DIFFICULTY SPEAKING, FEAR, DEPRESSION, HAPPINESS FOR NO REASON OR DEJA VU.
PERSONALITY CHANGES SUCH AS FITS OF RAGE
MIGHT REMOVE CLOTHING, LAUGH, SCREAM, CRY ETC

Question 19

What is Syncope

Answer 19

Fainting from brief lack of blood flow and o2 to the brain

Question 20

what are the s/s of syncope?

Answer 20

PALLOR
SWEATING
LIGHTHEADEDNESS
DIZZINESS
WEAKNESS
CONFUSION