pharmacology lecture Flashcards
What is Pharmacology?
science of drugs, including their ingredients, preparation, uses, and actions on the body
What are agonist?
They activate a receptor to produce a physiological response
What are antagonist
They bind to a receptor to inhibit medications/chemicals
absolute contraindications vs relative contraindications
absolute: situations in which a medication should never be given if the contraindication is present
relative: : situations in which the benefits of administering the drug may outweigh the risks
what are the different types of medications?
-PRESCRIPTION
-OVER THE COUNTER (OTC)
-RECREATIONAL DRUGS
-HERBAL REMEDIES
-ENHANCEMENT DRUGS
-VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTS
What are the routes of administration?
Sublingual
Per oral
Per Rectum
Intravenous
Intraosseous
intranasal
inhalation
intramuscular
subcutaneous
transcutenous/transdermal
solution vs suspension
a solution is a liquid mixture of one or more substances that cannot be separated simply.
a suspension is a mixture of finely ground particles that are distributed evenly throughout a liquid by shaking or stirring but do not dissolve.
What is a metered dose inhaler
A spray canister directs such substances through the mouth and into the lungs.
Often used for respiratory illnesses such as asthma or emphysema
what are topical medications?
INCLUDES LOTIONS, CREAMS, AND OINTMENTS
APPLIED TO SKIN SURFACE AND AFFECT ONLY THAT AREA
Transdermal medication key points
DESIGNED TO BE ABSORBED THROUGH THE SKIN
many transdermal medications have systemic (whole-body) effects.
What are the six rights of medication administration?
Right patient
Right medication
Right dose
Right route
Right time
Right documentation
Aspirin key points
REDUCES FEVER, PAIN, AND INFLAMMATION
INHIBITS PLATELET AGGREGATION
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
ALLERGY TO ASPIRIN (TC SPECIFIC)
CONSIDERATIONS:
LIVER DAMAGE, BLEEDING DISORDER, ASTHMA
SHOULD NOT BE GIVEN TO CHILDREN
Oral glucose key points
TREATS HYPOGLYCEMIA
EMTS GIVE IT PO (BUCCAL)
CONTRAINDICATIONS: UNCONSCIOUS PATIENT OR ONE WHO CANNOT PROTECT THE AIRWAY
Activated charcoal key points
REDUCES THE AMOUNT OF MEDICATION BEING ABSORBED
GROUND INTO FINE POWDER
FREQUENTLY SUSPENDED WITH SORBITOL
ADMINISTERED PO
CONTRAINDICATIONS: PATIENTS WITH AN ALTERED LEVEL Of CONSCIOUSNESS
Contact poison control!
Nitroglycerin Key points
RELIEVES ANGINA PAIN (CARDIAC PATIENTS)
VASODILATOR
BEFORE ADMINISTERING
CHECK BP
OBTAIN ORDER TO ADMINISTER
CONTRAINDICATIONS: PATIENT TAKES ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION OR PULMONARY HYPERTENSION MEDICATIONS
MAY CAUSE MILD HEADACHE
