SEISMIC RESPONSE OF STRUCTURES

Question 1

Regional seismic activity is seen to include the following:

Answer 1

• Source mechanism
• Distribution of sources
• Magnitude
• Intensity shaking
• Attenuation of intensity with distance
• Rate of activity

Question 2

the investigation should cover possible earthquake danger from geological or other consequential hazards such as;

Answer 2

1. Fault displacement
2. Subsidence (flooding)
3. Liquefaction of cohesionless soils
4. Failure of sensitive or quick clays
5. Landslides
6. Mudflows
7. Dam failures
8. Water waves
9. Groundwater

Question 3

is the probability that social or economic consequences of earthquakes will equal or exceed specified values at a site, at several sites, or in an area,during a specified exposure time.

Answer 3

SEISMIC RISKS

Question 4

is any physical phenomenon (e.g. ground shaking, ground failure) associated with an earthquake that may produce adverse effects on human activities.

Answer 4

SEISMIC HAZARDS

Question 5

y is the amount of damage induced by a given degree of hazard and expressed as a fraction of the value of the damaged item under consideration.

Answer 5

VULNERABILITY

Question 6

The physical consequences of earthquakes for human beings are generally viewed under two headings:

Answer 6

1. Death and injury of human beings
2. Damage to the constructed and natural environments

Question 7

Post-earthquake economic consequences include:

Answer 7

1. Cost of death and injury
2. Cost of damage
3. Losses of production and markets
4. Insurance claims

Question 8

The process by which vibration steadily diminishes in amplitude is called

Answer 8

DAMPING

Question 9

The topography of both the bedrock and the deposited soils has various effects on the
incoming seismic waves such as

Answer 9

reflection, reflection, refraction, focusing and scattering.

Question 10

are caused by vertical displacement of blocks of sea bed.

Answer 10

TSUNAMI

Question 11

may also occur in the enclosed waters of lakes and harbors due to resonance effects or landslides.

Answer 11

Water waves (SEICHES)

Question 12

because they can be idealized as concentrated or lumped mass “m” supported by a massless structure with stiffness “k” in the lateral direction.

Answer 12

SIMPLE STRUCTURES

Question 13

is a very stiff and the flexibility of the structure in lateral motion is provided entirely by the columns

Answer 13

CONCRETE ROOF

Question 14

are considered to be inextensible axially

Answer 14

BEAMS AND COLUMNS