SEGUNDAS OFICIAL Flashcards
OFFERS GREAT FLEXIBILITY FOR MOVING GOODS TO VIRTUALLY ANY LOCATION NOT SEPARATED BY WATER. SIZE OF THE PRODUCT, WEIGHT, AND LIQUID OR BULK CAN ALL BE ACCOMMODATED WITH THIS MODE.
HIGHWAY (TRUCK)
VERY HIGH CAPACITY AND VERY LOW COST, BUT TRANSIT TIMES ARE SLOW, AND LARGE AREAS OF THE WORLD ARE NOT DIRECTLY ACCESSIBLE THIS MODE IS ESPECIALLY USEFUL FOR BULK ITEMS SUCH AS OIL, COAL, AND CHEMICAL PRODUCTS
WATER (SHIP)
FAST BUT EXPENSIVE. SMALL, LIGHT, EXPENSIVE ITEMS ARE MOST APPROPRIATE FOR THIS MODE OF TRANSPORTATION.
AIR
THIS IS A FAIRLY LOW-COST ALTERNATIVE, BUT TRANSIT TIMES CAN BE LONG AND MAY BE SUBJECT TO VARIABILITY.
RAIL (TRAINS)
THIS IS HIGHLY SPECIALIZED AND LIMITED TO LIQUIDS, GASES, AND SOLIDS IN SLURRY FORMS. NO PACKAGING IS NEEDED AND THE COSTS PER MILE ARE LOW. THE INITIAL COST TO BUILD IS VERY HIGH.
PIPELINES
THIS IS THE LAST STEP IN MANY SUPPLY CHAINS. GETTING THE PRODUCT IN THE CUSTOMER’S HAND IS OFTEN A SLOW AND COSTLY ACTIVITY DUE TO THE HIGH LABOR CONTENT.
HAND DELIVERY
IT RELATES DIRECTLY TO THE RELIABILITY OF THE PRODUCT OR SERVICE. THE goal IS TO PRODUCE DEFECT-FREE PRODUCTS AND SERVICES.
Process quality
It is the Japanese philosophy that locuses on continuous improvement. It bursts identify specific short-term projects that teams work on to implement changes to the process
Kaizen
This relates to eliminating non-value-added steps and waste in product storage processes. Typical functions include the following: receiving material; putting-away/storing, replenishing inventory, picking inventory: packing for shipment, and shipping
Lean warehousing
SYSTEMS PRODUCE WHAT THE CUSTOMERS WANT, IN THE QUANTITY THEY WANT, WHEN THEY WANT IT, AND WITH MINIMUM RESOURCES.
lean manufacturing
WASTE REDUCTION RELATES TO THE OPTIMIZATION OF THE VALUE-ADDING ACTIVITIES AND THE ELIMINATION OF NON–VALUE-ADDING ACTIVITIES THAT ARE PART OF THE VALUE STREAM.
lean supply chains
LEAN CONCEPTS CAN BE APPLIED TO THE FUNCTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MOVEMENT OF MATERIAL THROUGH THE SYSTEM. SOME OF THE KEY AREAS INCLUDE OPTIMIZED MODE SELECTION AND POOLING ORDERS; COMBINED MULTISTOP TRUCKLOADS; OPTIMIZED ROUTING; CROSS DOCKING; IMPORT/EXPORT TRANSPORTATION PROCESSES, ETC.
lean logistics
THE PROCESS INVOLVES A SET OF ACTIVITIES THAT ARE REPEATED AT DIFFERENT INTERVALS OVER TIME. JUST AS PRODUCTS ARE MADE OVER AND OVER, THE STRATEGY PLANNING ACTIVITIES ARE REPEATED.
Planning strategy
CONSISTS OF THE PROCESSES NEEDED TO OPERATE AN EXISTING SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGICALLY. HERE A FIRM MUST DETERMINE HOW ANTICIPATED DEMAND WILL BE MET WITH AVAILABLE RESOURCES.
Planning
INVOLVES THE SELECTION OF SUPPLIERS THAT WILL DELIVER THE GOODS AND SERVICES NEEDED TO CREATE THE FIRM´S PRODUCT. A SET OF PRICING, DELIVERY, AND PAYMENT PROCESSES ARE NEEDED, ALONG WITH METRICS FOR MONITORING AND IMPROVING THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PARTNERS OF THE FIRM.
Sourcing
IS WHERE THE MAJOR PRODUCT IS PRODUCED OR THE SERVICE PROVIDED. THE STEP REQUIRES SCHEDULING PROCESSES FOR WORKERS AND THE COORDINATION OF MATERIAL AND OTHER CRITICAL RESOURCES SUCH AS EQUIPMENT TO SUPPORT PRODUCING OR PROVIDING THE SERVICE.
Making
IS ALSO REFERRED TO AS LOGISTICS PROCESSES. CARRIERS ARE PICKED TO MOVE PRODUCTS TO WAREHOUSES AND CUSTOMERS, COORDINATE AND SCHEDULE THE MOVEMENT OF GOODS AND INFORMATION THROUGH THE SUPPLY NETWORK, DEVELOP AND OPERATE A NETWORK OF WAREHOUSES, AND RUN THE INFORMATION SYSTEMS THAT MANAGE THE RECEIPT OF ORDERS FROM CUSTOMERS AND THE INVOICING SYSTEMS THAT COLLECT PAYMENTS FROM CUSTOMERS.
Delivering:
INVOLVES PROCESSES FOR RECEIVING WORN-OUT, DEFECTIVE, AND EXCESS PRODUCTS BACK FROM CUSTOMERS AND SUPPORT FOR CUSTOMERS WHO HAVE PROBLEMS WITH DELIVERED PRODUCTS. IN THE CASE OF SERVICES, THIS MAY INVOLVE ALL TYPES OF FOLLOW-UP ACTIVITIES REQUIRED FOR AFTER-SALES SUPPORT.
Returing
IS AN INTEGRATED SET OF ACTIVITIES DESIGNED TO ACHIEVE HIGH-VOLUME PRODUCTION USING MINIMAL INVENTORIES OF PARTS THAT ARRIVE EXACTLY WHEN THEY ARE NEEDED.
Just in time
PROCESSES THAT MOVE INFORMATION AND MATERIAL TO AND FROM THE MANUFACTURING AND SERVICE PROCESS OF THE FIRM.
Supply chain
REFERS TO MANUFACTURING AND SERVICE PROCESSES USED TO TRANSFORM THE RESOURCES EMPLOYED BY A FIRM INTO PRODUCTS DESIRED BY CUSTOMERS.
Operations
It refers to to that period of time during which the schedule is fixed and no further changes are possible. An added benefit of the stable schedule is seen in how parts and components are accounted for in a pull system.
Freeze window
Adequate road, rail, air, and sea transportation is vital. Energy and telecommunications quirements also must be met when a company is looking for a place to open factory.
Types of infrastructure
THE EDUCATIONAL AND SKILL LEVELS OF THE LABOR POOL MUST MATCH THE COMPANY’S NEEDS. EVEN MORE IMPORTANT ARE THEIR WILLINGNESS AND ABILITY TO LEARN.
Quality of labor
THE ART AND SCIENCE OF OBTAINING, PRODUCING, AND DISTRIBUTING MATERIAL AND PRODUCT IN THE PROPER PLACE AND IN THE PROPER QUANTITIES.
Logistics
ALL FUNCTIONS CONCERNED WITH THE MOVEMENT OF MATERIALS AND FINISHED GOODS ON A GLOBAL SCALE.
International logistics
it is the act of moving some of a firm’s internal activities and decision responsibility to outside providers. The terms of the agreement are established in a contract. It goes beyond the more common purchasing and consulting contracts because not only are the activities transferred, but also resources that make the activities occur, including people, facilities, equipment, technology, and other assets, are transferred.
Outsourcing
It is typically a closed facility (under the supervision of the customs department) of which foreign goods can be brought without being subject to the normal customs requirements.
Free trade zone
it relates to automatic transaction, sourcing, bidding and auctions using Web-based application and the use of software that removes human interaction and integrates with the financial reporting of the firms
E-procurement
It is the development and management of supplier relationships to acquire goods and services in a way that aids in achieving the immediate needs of the business.
Strategic sourcing:
A USEFUL WAY OF ANALYZING THE PROCESS SIMILARITY FOR NEW SERVICE DEVELOPMENT IS BY SPECIFYING ___________________ OF THE PROPOSED SERVICE PROCESS RELATIVE TO THE BASIC SERVICE PROCESS.
Complexity and Divergence
THE ABILITY TO MAINTAIN BALANCE IN A SYSTEM. MANAGEMENT MUST NOW CONSIDER THE MANDATES RELATED TO THE ONGOING ECONOMIC, EMPLOYEE, AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIABILITY OF THE FIRM ( THE TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE).
Sustainability
IS THE INCORPORATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS IN THE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF PRODUCTS OR SERVICES. IS AN EXTENSION OF THE OTHER IMPORTANT. REQUIREMENTS CONSIDERED IN THE DESIGN PROCESS SUCH AS QUALITY, COSTS, MANUFACTURABILITY, FUNCTIONALITY, DURABILITY, ERGONOMICS, AND AESTHETICS.
Ecodesign
it is a special type of flowcharting tool that is valuable for the development of lean processes. The technique is used to visualize product flows through various processing steps.
Value Stream Mapping
IS EMPHASIZED TO ENSURE THAT FLOWS ARE NOT INTERRUPTED BY DOWN-TIME OR MALFUNCTIONING EQUIPMENT.
Preventive maintenance
CAN BE ANYTHING FROM PRODUCT DESIGN TO SUSTAINED DEDICATION OF A FIRM’S EMPLOYEES.
Core competency
Core competency characteristics
- IT PROVIDES POTENTIAL ACCESS TO A WIDE VARIETY OF MARKETS.
- IT INCREASES PERCEIVED CUSTOMER BENEFITS.
- IT IS HARD FOR COMPETITORS TO IMITATE
THIS PHASE INCLUDES THE COMPLETE SPECIFICATION OF THE GEOMETRY, MATERIALS, AND TOLERANCES OF ALL THE UNIQUE PARTS IN THE PRODUCT AND THE IDENTIFICATION OF ALL THE STANDARD PARTS TO BE PURCHASED FROM SUPPLIERS. A PROCESS PLAN IS ESTABLISHED, AND TOOLING IS DESIGNED FOR EACH PART TO BE FABRICATED WITHIN THE PRODUCTION SYSTEM
Detail design
PROCESS HAS AN IMPACT ON PROPERTIES OF THE PRODUCT SO THAT PRODUCT DESIGN CANNOT BE SEPARATED FROM THE PRODUCTION PROCESS DESIGN.
Process intensive products
A FIRM BEGINS WITH A NEW PROPRIETARY TECHNOLOGY AND LOOKS FOR AN APPROPRIATE MARKET IN WHICH TO APPLY THIS TECHNOLOGY
technology push products
IS BUILT AROUND A PREEXISTING TECHNOLOGICAL SUBSYSTEM (A TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM). EXAMPLES INCLUDE THE HYBRID MOTOR USED IN THE TOYOTA PRIUS, THE APPLE IOS OPERATING SYSTEM, AND THE VIDEO IMAGING SYSTEM USED IN CANON CAMERAS.
platform products
THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOME PRODUCTS, SUCH AS SOFTWARE AND MANY ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS, BUILDING AND TESTING PROTOTYPE MODELS HAS BECOME SUCH A RAPID PROCESS THAT THE DESIGN-BUILD-TEST CYCLE CAN BE REPEATED MANY TIMES.
quick build products
SLIGHT VARIATIONS OF STANDARD CONFIGURATIONS AND ARE TYPICALLY DEVELOPED IN RESPONSE TO A SPECIFIC ORDER BY A CUSTOMER.
customized products
THOSE THAT ENTAIL UNUSUALLY LARGE UNCERTAINTIES RELATED TO THE TECHNOLOGY OR MARKET SO THAT THERE IS SUBSTANTIAL TECHNICAL OR MARKET RISK.
high risk products
USES INTERFUNCTIONAL TEAMS FROM MARKETING, DESIGN ENGINEERING, AND MANUFACTURING, HAS BEEN CREDITED BY TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION FOR REDUCING COSTS ON ITS CARS BY MORE THAN 60 PERCENT BY SIGNIFICANTLY SHORTENING DESIGN TIMES
Quality function deployment
IS A CRITERION, OR POSSIBLY A SET OF CRITERIA, THAT DIFFERENTIATES THE PRODUCTS OR SERVICES OF ONE FIRM FROM THOSE OF ANOTHER.
Order winner
A SUPPLIER MAY BE EXPECTED TO PROVIDE TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FOR PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT, PARTICULARLY DURING THE EARLY STAGES OF DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING.
Technical liaison and support
A FIRM MAY BE REQUIRED TO COORDINATE WITH OTHER FIRMS ON A COMPLEX PROJECT. COORDINATING WORK BETWEEN FIRMS AND WORKING SIMULTANEOUSLY ON A PROJECT WILL REDUCE THE TOTAL TIME REQUIRED TO COMPLETE THE PROJECT.
meeting a launch date
AN IMPORTANT COMPETITIVE DIMENSION MAY BE THE ABILITY OF A FIRM TO SUPPORT ITS PRODUCT AFTER THE SALE. THIS INVOLVES AVAILABILITY OF REPLACEMENT PARTS AND, POSSIBLY, MODIFICATION OF OLDER, EXISTING PRODUCTS TO NEW PERFORMANCE LEVELS.
supplier after sale support
THIS DIMENSION IS RELATED TO CRITERIA SUCH AS CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS, USE OF NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES, OR OTHER FACTORS THAT RELATE TO SUSTAINABILITY.
environmental impact
A PLANT GETS LARGER AND VOLUME INCRESES, THE AVERAGE COST PER UNIT OF OUTPUT DROPS.
Economies of scale
CONSTRUCTION AND EVALUATION OF MULTIPLE PREPRODUCTION VERSIONS OF THE PRODUCT. EARLY PROTOTYPES ARE USUALLY BUILT WITH PARTS WITH THE SAME GEOMETRY AND MATERIAL PROPERTIES AS THE PRODUCTION VERSION OF THE PRODUCT BUT NOT NECESSARILY FABRICATED WITH THE ACTUAL PROCESSES TO BE USED IN PRODUCTION.
Testing and refinement
THE PURPOSE OF ___________IS TO SIMPLIFY PRODUCTS AND PROCESSES. ITS OBJECTIVE IS TO ACHIEVE EQUIVALENT OR BETTER PERFORMANCE AT A LOWER COST WHILE MAINTAINING ALL FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS DEFINED BY THE CUSTOMER.
- Value Analysis / Value Engineering:
