Segregation Flashcards

0
Q

Give an example of blacks supporting segregation

A

Teachers in Atlanta 1875 resist integrated schools

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1
Q

What is Rabinowitz’s key argument?

A

Segregation is supported by blacks as a preferable alternative to exclusion and the lynch mob that preceded it

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2
Q

How did the nature of disenfranchisement change according to Perman?

A

1880s-1890s: de facto disenfranchisement, manipulated by election laws, violence and corrupt election officials
1890s- : De Jure disenfranchisement, vote eliminated by constitutional means, all southern states except Georgia (1905) have done this by start of 20thC

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3
Q

Give two means of pressure used to stop blacks voting

A

Economic pressure from employers, political violence

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4
Q

What disenfranchisement measures are introduced in the 1890s?

A

Poll taxes, secret ballots

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5
Q

Where and when is the first ‘separate but equal’ legislation introduced?

A

Tennessee Railroads 1887-1889

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6
Q

When is Plessy vs Ferguson?

A

1896

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7
Q

What is Hale’s argument about consumption?

A

Remains area very difficult to segregate as money retains value regardless of race

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8
Q

Who argues for the construction of racial categories as a means of undercutting class and gender?

A

Grace Hale

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9
Q

Who, when and where were the readjusters

A

Dominant political part in Virginia 1879-1883, stress class solidarity over the racial leading to famous 1889 victory in governor elections

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10
Q

When and how did Democrats regain political dominance in Virginia?

A

1883 election campaign ran on racial lines - links black political power to sexual power - election of two black men to local school board becomes painted as miscegenation panic

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11
Q

Who was a popular advocate of Social Darwinism?

A

Herbert Spencer

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12
Q

In which election did democrats make the protection of white women a central feature?

A

1898

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13
Q

Give an example of the growing presence of women in the public sphere during this period?

A

Daughters of the Confederacy - effective at lobbying

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14
Q

How many were lynched in south between 1880-1930?

A

723 whites, 3,220 blacks

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15
Q

What does Ayers argue causes a growth in lynching during the 1880s and 1890s?

A

Black migration and disruption of local hierarchies

16
Q

What are the main purposes of lynching?

A

Labour control and structuring - ensure black subordination
Bulwark to disenfranchisement
Suppression of black resistance
Creation of white solidarity - seen as community-in-action against dehumanised threat

17
Q

Discuss lynching of Henry Smith

A

1893 - specially chartered execution train, souvenirs (inc body parts) sold in local shops, publicised in newspapers and radio
Idea of black bodies as a white consumer object

18
Q

Why is the Leo Frank case significant?

A

1913 - Frank is prosecuted and lynched for murder over black suspect Jim Conley
Maclean argues Frank is a figurehead of Northern style capitalist business model giving women more opportunity - threatening to southern gender order

19
Q

Name to key groups in reducing lynching, what movement can they be linked to?

A

NAACP, Southern Women for prevention of Lynching

Linked to progressivist movement

20
Q

When does Wells organise direct action against lynching?

A

Memphis Streetcar Boycott 1892

21
Q

Give an example of federal investigation of lynching

A

Cleo Wright investigation 1942

22
Q

Give two instances of violent balaclava resistance to lynching

A

Kemper County 1888

McIntosh, Georgia 1899, protection of black prisoners, ring bell of local church to draw crowds