Immigration and Ethnicity Flashcards
When was the Immigration Restriction League founded, what was its significance?
1894 - reacting against influx of southern and Eastern Europeans, gains support of many wealthy donors and clout in Congress
When and what was the Chinese Exclusion Act?
1882 - Bans immigration of Chinese labourers (intended to last only 10 years but then renewed in 1892 then made permanent in 1902)
Who uses the term ‘probationary whites’ with what meaning?
Jacobson - legally white but racially inferior and different to Nordic ideal eg Irish, Poles, Italians
What does Matthew Guterl argue is the impact of the Great Migration on ethnicity?
Redefines race as being between black and white rather than ethnic origin - introduces color line
How have ethnic stereotypes of Asian Americans evolved?
Move from ‘yellow peril’ to ‘model minority’
What does John Quincy Adams say of ethnicity?
Immigrants ‘must cast off the European skin never to resume it’
What example supports idea of religious identity as more important than ethnic identity?
Intermarriage between ethnic groups on religious axes
What stat does Frank Thistlewait suggest about immigration patterns and when?
1/3 of immigrants between 192-1924 repatriated, writing in the 1960s
Give examples of exclusive ethnic cultural institutions
Schools, athletic clubs, foreign language newspapers
Name 2 historians involved in the ethnic revival of the 1970s?
Vecoli, Gutman - ‘The Transplanted’
What does Fuchs argue against?
Dichotomy of American and ethnic identity - they are not mutually exclusive ‘voluntary pluralism’
How do Sollors and Fuchs view Americanisation? Who disagrees?
They see Americanisation as ultimately emancipatory, Gerstle disagrees arguing Americanisation places limits on self invention eg class and gender
What are the key tropes of ‘civic nationalism’
Political beliefs (anti-communist), equality of human beings, inalienable rights, democratic government, based on Declaration of Independence and Constitution
What is the shape of the black prison population?
40% of prison population while 10% of overall population
How is black poverty disproportionate?
$20,000 less than average household
