Seeing Flashcards

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1
Q

Accommodation

A

Helps determine depth.

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1
Q

Beta effect

A

The perception of motion that occurs when different images are presented next to each other in succession

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2
Q

Binocular depth cues

A

Depth cues that are created by retinal image disparity — that is, the space between our eyes — and which thus require the coordination of both eyes

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3
Q

Blind spot

A

A hole in our vision because there are no photoreceptor cells at the place where the optic nerve leaves the retina

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4
Q

Colour blindness

A

The inability to detect green and/or red colours

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5
Q

Cones

A

Visual neurons that are specialized in detecting fine detail and colours

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6
Q

Convergence

A

The inward turning of our eyes that is required to focus on objects that are less than about 50 feet away from us

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7
Q

Cornea

A

A clear covering that protects the eye and begins to focus the incoming light

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8
Q

Depth cues

A

Messages from our bodies and the external environment that supply us with information about space and distance.

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9
Q

Electromagnetic energy

A

Pulses of energy waves that can carry information from place to place

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10
Q

Farsighted

A

When the focus is behind the retina

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11
Q

Feature detector neurons

A

Specialized neurons, located in the visual cortex, that respond to the strength, angles, shapes, edges, and movements of a visual stimulus

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12
Q

Fovea

A

The central point of the retina

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13
Q

Gestalt

A

A meaningfully organized whole

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14
Q

Hue

A

The shade of a colour

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15
Q

Iris

A

The coloured part of the eye that controls the size of the pupil by constricting or dilating in response to light intensity

16
Q

Lens

A

A structure that focuses the incoming light on the retina

17
Q

Monocular depth cues

A

Depth cues that help us perceive depth using only one eye

18
Q

Nearsighted

A

When the focus is in front of the retina

19
Q

Opponent-process colour theory

A

Proposes that we analyze sensory information not in terms of three colours but rather in three sets of “opponent colours”: red-green, yellow-blue, and white-black

20
Q

Optic nerve

A

A collection of millions of ganglion neurons that sends vast amounts of visual information, via the thalamus, to the brain

21
Q

Phi phenomenon

A

We perceive a sensation of motion caused by the appearance and disappearance of objects that are near each other

22
Q

Pupil

A

A small opening in the centre of the eye

23
Q

Retina

A

The layer of tissue at the back of the eye that contains photoreceptor cells

24
Q

rods

A

Visual neurons that specialize in detecting black, white, and gray colours

25
Q

Trichromatic colour theory

A

The colour we see depends on the mix of the signals from the three types of cones

26
Q

Visible spectrum

A

The part of the electromagnetic spectrum that our eyes detect (only the range from about 400 to 700 billionths of a meter)

27
Q

Visual accommodation

A

The process of changing the curvature of the lens to keep the light entering the eye focused on the retina

28
Q

Visual cliff

A

A mechanism that gives the perception of a dangerous drop-off, in which infants can be safely tested for their perception of depth

29
Q

Wavelength

A

The distance between one wave peak and the next wave peak
References