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Corel Day 2 > sedpet review > Flashcards

sedpet review Flashcards

1
Q

2 types of weathering

A

mechanical and chemical

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2
Q

physical destruction of the original rock

A

mechanical weathering

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3
Q

decomposes minerals in the rocks

A

chemical weathering

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4
Q

Loose deposits are converted into rocks by the processes of ____ and ____, which include ____ and ____ of the loose materials

A

diagenesis and lithification

compaction and cementation

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5
Q

2 products of mechanical weathering

A

detritus/clastic material
terrigenous sediments

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6
Q

solid fragments and mineral particles from mechanical weathering

A

detritus or clastic material

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7
Q

sediments with clastic textures

A

terrigenous sediments

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8
Q

2 sediment products from chemical weathering

A

orthochemical sediments and allochemical sediments

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9
Q

truly chemical sediments which are products of chemical decomposition

A

orthochemical sediments

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10
Q

organisms have caused the precipitation of the major sedimentary mineral components, or the precipitated minerals have undergone substantial movement (and redeposition) after their crystallization, different

A

allochemical sediments

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11
Q

what two points are important for sediments to be classified as allochemical?

A
  • organisms caused the precipitation
  • or precipitated minerals have repositioned after crystallization
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12
Q

describe the flow of source rock to sedimentary rocks

A

source rock
> (mechanical and chemical weathering) detritus > (transportation) clastic sediment > (burial and lithification) terrigenous sedimentary rock

> (chemical weathering) solution > (transportation and precipitation) chemical precipitate

breaks into
> (diagenesis and lithification) orthochemical sedimentary rock
or
> (cementation, fragmentation and transport with basin) allochemical sedimentary rock with clastic texture

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13
Q

what are the three major categories of sedimentary rocks

A

I. terrigenous sedimentary rocks (clastic texture)
II. allochemical sedimentary rocks (biochemical/biogenic, with clastic texture)
III. orthochemical sedimentary rocks

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14
Q

type of sedimentary rock that includes conglomerates, breccias, sandstones, mudstones, agglomerates and volcaniclastic sandstones

A

terrigenous sedimentary rocks

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15
Q

type of sedimentary rock that includes limestone, dolostones, phosphorites, chert and coal

A

allochemical sedimentary rocks

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16
Q

type of sedimentary rock that includes cherts, travertine and iron formations

A

orthochemical sedimentary rocks

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17
Q

consist of detrital grains, which form the framework of the rock, and which are joined together by cement

A

Terrigenous sedimentary rocks

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18
Q

T or F: Variable amounts of matrix, which consists of fragmental material substantially smaller than the mean size of the framework grains, may also be present in terrigenous sedimentary rocks

A

T

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19
Q

The texture is a composite of the ___, ____, ____ and ____ of the framework grains.

A

grain size, grain shapes, sorting, and angularity

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20
Q

draw the udden wentworth and krumbein scales

A

refer to notes

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21
Q

conversion formula from mm to phi

A

phi = -log2 d

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22
Q

consists of large clasts (boulders, cobbles, pebbles, and granules) with or without a sandy matrix;

A

conglomerates and breccias

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23
Q

show pronounced rounding of the clasts

A

conglomerates

24
Q

contain more angular clasts

A

breccias

25
Q

coarse-grained pyroclastics (volcanic debris) with a grain size over 32 mm

A

agglomerates or volcanic breccias

26
Q

finer-grained (grain size between 2 and 0.062 mm) and most easily classified by determining the amounts of clastic (framework) grains composed of quartz (and chert), feldspar, and lithic fragments

A

sandstone

27
Q

when the sandstone matrix constitutes more than 10 volume percent of the rock

A

wacke

28
Q

mostly dark gray sandstones with abundant matrix

A

greywacke

29
Q

sandstones made up of chiefly volcanic fragments, volcanic glass, and crystals.

A

volcaniclastics

30
Q

why do volcaniclastics tend to be green

A

bc of chlorite

31
Q

draw the sandstone classification diagram

A

refer to notes

32
Q

general term for sediments composed mainly of silt-sized, (0.062 to 0.004 mm) and clay-sized (<0.004 mm) particles

A

mudstone

33
Q

silt particle size

A

siltstone

34
Q

clay particle size; nonfissile, commonly with a massive or blocky texture

A

claystone

35
Q

characterized by its fissility (ability to split into thin sheets), generally parallel to bedding

A

shale

36
Q

with a well-developed cleavage, which may or may not be parallel to the bedding, and is commonly the result of metamorphism

A

slate

37
Q

process when calcite is easily replaced, often destroys the texture of the original carbonate

A

dolomitization

38
Q

what typically replaces original calcium carbonate

A

secondary dolomite

39
Q

what are the orthochemical components

A

microcrystalline ooze and sparry calcite cement

40
Q

a very fine-grained carbonate precipitate that has settled to the bottom of the basin

A

microcrystalline ooze

41
Q

coarser in grain size than the ooze and tends to be clear or translucent; a pore-filling cement that was precipitated in place

A

sparry calcite cement

42
Q

what are the 4 allochem components

A

intraclasts, oolites, fossils, and pellets

43
Q

fragments of weakly consolidated carbonate sediment that have been torn up, transported, and redeposited by currents within the basin of deposition

A

intraclasts

44
Q

in a size range of 0.1 to 1.0 mm in diameter, are spherical, show radial and concentric structures, and resemble fish roe. They are commonly formed by chemical accretion around nuclei such as shell fragments, pellets, or quartz sand grains

A

oolites

45
Q

remains of organisms

A

fossils

46
Q

well-rounded, homogeneous aggregates of microcrystalline calcite in a size range of 0.03 to 0.2 mm in diameter; feces of mollusks, worms, and crustaceans

A

pellets

47
Q

three types of limestone under folks classification

A

type 1 2 and 3

48
Q

consist of a matrix of allochemical constituents and sparry calcite cement

A

type 1

49
Q

variable percentage of allochemical grains in a microcrystalline matrix

A

type 2

50
Q

microcrystalline calcite matrix only (micrite)

A

type 3

51
Q

emphasizes the depositional texture

A

dunhams classification of limestone

52
Q

consists of more than 10% grains in a microcrystalline ooze (micrite)

A

wackstone

53
Q

grain-supported limestone with micrite matrix and sparry calcite cement

A

packstone

54
Q

grain-supported limestone with very little micrite.

A

grainstone

55
Q

a limestone made up of organic structures that grew in situ (in place), forming a coherent rock mass during growth

A

boundstone

56
Q

what is boundstones equivalent

A

biolithite

57
Q

formed by direct precipitation

A

orthochemical sedimentary rocks

Corel Day 2 (17 decks)

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