sedatives and tranquilizers

Question 1

Opioids

Answer 1

great for analgesia, very safe, reversible

• decreases intracellular Ca
• 2 receptors : Kappa and Mu (better)
• both-> hydromorphone, morphine, and fentanyl
• only Kappa-> Butorphanol
• side effects : GI, respiratory depression, bradycardia
• -> reverse with Naloxone

Question 2

Xylasine

Answer 2

• alpha 2 agonist
• decreases intracellular Ca
• great for sedation and some analgesia
• lots of side effects, not for sick patients
• LA
• SHORT duration
• side effect: vasoconstriction, blood pressure does not equal flow; hypoperfusion, bradycardia, AV block

Question 3

Dexmedetomidine

Answer 3

• alpha 2 agonist
• decreases intracellular Ca
• great for sedation and some analgesia
• lots of side effects, not for sick patients
• SA
• LONG duration
• side effect: vasoconstriction, blood pressure does not equal flow; hypoperfusion, bradycardia, AV block
• blocks insulin receptor and causes hyperglycemia

Question 4

Detomidine

Answer 4

• alpha 2 agonist
• decreases intracellular Ca
• great for sedation and some analgesia
• lots of side effects, not for sick patients
• LA
• MODERATE duration
• side effect: vasoconstriction, blood pressure does not equal flow; hypoperfusion, bradycardia, AV block

Question 5

Rimifidine

Answer 5

• alpha 2 agonist
• decreases intracellular Ca
• great for sedation and some analgesia
• lots of side effects, not for sick patients
• LA
• MODERATE duration
• side effect: vasoconstriction, blood pressure does not equal flow; hypoperfusion, bradycardia, AV block

Question 6

Yohimbine

Answer 6

• alpha 2 agonist reversal
• only works for xylazine
• never give IV because can reverse too fast

Question 7

Antipamazole

Answer 7

• alpha 2 agonist reversal
• works for all
• never give IV because can reverse too fast

Question 8

Acepromazine

Answer 8

• NO analgesia
• ok for sedation
• NOT reversible
• anti-emetic, anti-histamine, anti-arrhymia
• causes vasodilation, hypotension
• highly protein bound, worst side effects if low on TP
• hepatic metabolism, worst side effects if on liver failure

Question 9

Diazepam

Answer 9

• benzodiazapines (may cause excitement when used alone in healthy cats/horses)
• lipophilic
• GABA agonist
• only mild sedation

Question 10

Midazolam

Answer 10

• benzodiazapines (may cause excitement when used alone in healthy cats/horses)
• hydrophilic
• only mild sedation

Question 11

Zolazepam

Answer 11

• benzodiazapines (may cause excitement when used alone in healthy cats/horses)
• hydrophilic
• only mild sedation

Question 12

Flumazenil

Answer 12

-benzodiazapines reversal