Sedatives

Question 1

Benzodiazapenes

Answer 1

-pams, -lams, and chlordiazepoxide

Basically things like Valium Ativan and Xanex

Not GABA agonists, rather they enhance GABA binding (open more)

Question 2

Non-Benzodiazapenes

Answer 2

Structurally unrelated to the other ones but share the same target

Zolpidem (Ambien), Zaleplon (Sonata), Eszopiclone (Lunestra)

Alosterically enhance GABA binding (open more)

Question 3

Barbituates

Answer 3

-barbital, Primidone, Thiopental

Low levels they enhance GABA binding, high levels directly activate the Cl- channel (open longer)

Question 4

Other Sedatives

Answer 4

Anxiolytics = buspirone (BuSpar®) doxepin (Sinequan®)

Hypnotics = ramelteon (Rozerem®) diphenhydramine (Benadryl®, Sominex®) doxylamine (Unisom®)

Question 5

Flumazenil

Answer 5

BZD receptor antagonist, good for overdose reversal

Only messes with BZDs and doesn’t last long so repeat dosing

Question 6

Buspirone

Answer 6

5HT 1A receptor partial agonist, anxiolytic, low side effect/risk profile

Question 7

Doxepin

Answer 7

5HT 1A receptor partial agonist, anxiolytic, low side effect/risk profile, antidepressant

Question 8

Ramelteon

Answer 8

Hypnotic, binds melatonin receptor in SCN, no other effects, low to no dependence

Question 9

Antihistamines

Answer 9

Diphenhydramine and Doxylamine

Antagonize H1 Histamine and muscarinic Ach receptors

Hypnotics