Sedative Hypnotics

Question 1

History of anxiolytics

Answer 1

Earliest was ethanol
Problems
Dependence liver disease and brain damage

Question 2

Early sedative hypnotics

Potassium bromide

Answer 2

Bromoseltzer often used as hangover method

Dangerous because kidney half life of 12 days toxicity m

Question 3

Chloracne hydrate

Answer 3

Noctexc somnos felsules
Marilyn Monroe Anne Nicole smith
Choral hydrate and alcohol = knock out drops date rape drug Mickey Finn render unconscious

Question 4

Paraldehyde

Answer 4

Control alcohol withdrawal
Tastes and smells really bad
Ppl who become dependent were often introduced during alcohol treatment

Question 5

Barbiturates modern anxiolytics

Answer 5

Alcohol Von Baeyer 1864
Malonic acid from apples, Urea from urine

Synthesized on st barbers day or the Munich waitress who gave urine

Modifications at number 5 position

Question 6

Diethethylbarbituric acid

Answer 6

1903 fisher and Von mering
Barbital and trade name Veronal bc invented in Verona which means peace and solace
Popular drug long onset and long duration

Question 7

Barbiturates stats

Answer 7

2,500 synthesizes
50 today
Speed of onset and duration influenced by lipid soluble
Short good for sleep
Long good for chronic anxiety or epilepsy

Question 8

Long acting barbiturates

Answer 8

Onset of 1 hours
Duration atleast 6 hours
Phenobarbital (luminal)

Question 9

Intermediate barbiturates

Answer 9

Onset 30 minutes
Duration 4-6
Amorbarbital Amytal truth serum

Question 10

Short acting barbiturates

Answer 10

15 minutes onset
1-4 hour duration
EPentobarbital (Nembutal) and secobarbital (Seconal)

Question 11

Ultra short acting barbiturates

Answer 11

Intravenous anesthetics

Hexobarbital and thiopental pentohal
Recovery in less than five minutes
Onset seconds

Question 12

Hygeia

Answer 12

Health magazine
1949 collers magazine article
1950 barbiturates are illegal without prescription
Peak 50s and 60s
Typical user was White House mom
Today medical professionals are most commen

Street names are downers

Question 13

Street name

Amorbarbital

Answer 13

Blue angles dolls birds bullets Devils heavens blues

Question 14

Street name

Pentobarbital

Answer 14

Nemmies nebbies nebbies from Nembutal

Yellow dolls jackets bullet

Question 15

Secobarbital street name

Answer 15

Sags seggies after Seconal 
Red Devils 
Red dolls 
Mann
Mexican red 
Bulleet red s m

Question 16

Tuinal

Answer 16

Combination of secorbarbitsl and Amorbital

Red and blue rainbow or Christmas trees

Question 17

Effects of barbiturates

Answer 17

Relaxation 
Reduce anxiety 
Low dose euphoria
Sedation 
Drowsiest 
Light head
Lethargy 
Sleep shorter Rem
Low index / overdose alcohol synergistically meaning additive and dangerous 
Enhance inhibitory action if gabba

Question 18

Dependence on barbiturates

Answer 18

Similar to alcohol
5 percent insupervised death rate
Tremors vomit weight loss delusions hallucinogens

Question 19

Self administration and coo

Answer 19

Self admin for sure like cocaine

No CPP

Question 20

Teratological effects of barbiturates

Answer 20

1970 22 million effected offspring
Rats are demasculized shorter latencies lack of impulse congntol
Fewer mounts intromission or ejaculations lordosis female sex position

Humans delayed puberty undecended testicles cross gender identity lower iq and ale arming disabilities

Question 21

Methaquaalude

Answer 21

Combining quaalude, mandrax and 5 mg of dephenhydramine 
Originally India anti malarial drug 
Now schedule one drug in us 
Heroin like high 
Disco biscuits luudes disco era 
Luding out alcohol and drug 
South Africa 60% all drug seizures 

Deaths Jimi Hendrix rolling stone Brian Jones and king of Rock and roll Elvis Presley

Question 22

Propandiols

Answer 22

Researching trying to kill a bacteria resistant to penicillin
Mephensin carbonate
Muscle relaxation and sleep

Meprobamate invented advantage high therapeutic index but disadvantage high dependence

Question 23

benzodiazepines

Answer 23

Leo h sternbach
Research in Poland unsuccessful were shelved
ro 5 0690 tested potential anxiolyticscids marked benzodiapam
Under name
Chlorsdiszepoixixd and trade name lithium

Benzodiapam marketed as Valium

Question 24

Elevated plus maze anxiolytics

Answer 24

Legs elevated some have walks some don’t in illuminated roomy
No drugs stay walked in bc predatory instinct
On drugs opposite

Question 25

Geller seiffer procedure

Answer 25

Specifies tasks for reinforcement
Skinner boxcar with two levers one wall with two schedules marked by coloured might
Either good ever 2 minutes or food and pain

No drugs will press during vi schedule snd not fr

Where as drugged will sue both

Question 26

Duration of action classification

Answer 26

Long acting;

Question 27

Long acting benzodiapam

Answer 27

Diazepam long acting because metabolite nordiszapam = 60 hours half life
Valium
Chloeodiazapam Librium

Question 28

Intermediate acting benzodiazepines

Answer 28

Lorazepam Ativan
Clonozapan klonopin
Fluntrazepam rohypnol

Question 29

Short acting benzodiapines

Answer 29

Midazolam versad
Oxazepam sera ax
Alprazôlam Xanax triazolam halcion
Sleep inducing agents

Question 30

Rolling Stones motherlittle helper stats on bennies

Answer 30

1/3 of bennies visits for Xamax ans Alprazôlam

2004 underground Life rime 4
Psst Year 2

Highsxgool 2

Question 31

Antagoniste of benzodiapines

Answer 31

Flumazeil anecdote romazicon bonds to gabba without exerting action

Question 32

Tolerance

Answer 32

Rapid to muscle relaxation sleep sedation and anti convulsive effects

No CPP or SA

Question 33

GHB

Answer 33

Dregreasing solvent floor stripper and drain cleaner

GBL converted to GHB on body

Question 34

Sedative hypnotics

Answer 34

Depress CNS activity
Anxiolytics and sleep inducting

2-4% population has anxiety disorders