Sedative Hypnotics Flashcards
History of anxiolytics
Earliest was ethanol
Problems
Dependence liver disease and brain damage
Early sedative hypnotics
Potassium bromide
Bromoseltzer often used as hangover method
Dangerous because kidney half life of 12 days toxicity m
Chloracne hydrate
Noctexc somnos felsules
Marilyn Monroe Anne Nicole smith
Choral hydrate and alcohol = knock out drops date rape drug Mickey Finn render unconscious
Paraldehyde
Control alcohol withdrawal
Tastes and smells really bad
Ppl who become dependent were often introduced during alcohol treatment
Barbiturates modern anxiolytics
Alcohol Von Baeyer 1864
Malonic acid from apples, Urea from urine
Synthesized on st barbers day or the Munich waitress who gave urine
Modifications at number 5 position
Diethethylbarbituric acid
1903 fisher and Von mering
Barbital and trade name Veronal bc invented in Verona which means peace and solace
Popular drug long onset and long duration
Barbiturates stats
2,500 synthesizes
50 today
Speed of onset and duration influenced by lipid soluble
Short good for sleep
Long good for chronic anxiety or epilepsy
Long acting barbiturates
Onset of 1 hours
Duration atleast 6 hours
Phenobarbital (luminal)
Intermediate barbiturates
Onset 30 minutes
Duration 4-6
Amorbarbital Amytal truth serum
Short acting barbiturates
15 minutes onset
1-4 hour duration
EPentobarbital (Nembutal) and secobarbital (Seconal)
Ultra short acting barbiturates
Intravenous anesthetics
Hexobarbital and thiopental pentohal
Recovery in less than five minutes
Onset seconds
Hygeia
Health magazine
1949 collers magazine article
1950 barbiturates are illegal without prescription
Peak 50s and 60s
Typical user was White House mom
Today medical professionals are most commen
Street names are downers
Street name
Amorbarbital
Blue angles dolls birds bullets Devils heavens blues
Street name
Pentobarbital
Nemmies nebbies nebbies from Nembutal
Yellow dolls jackets bullet
Secobarbital street name
Sags seggies after Seconal Red Devils Red dolls Mann Mexican red Bulleet red s m
Tuinal
Combination of secorbarbitsl and Amorbital
Red and blue rainbow or Christmas trees
Effects of barbiturates
Relaxation Reduce anxiety Low dose euphoria Sedation Drowsiest Light head Lethargy Sleep shorter Rem Low index / overdose alcohol synergistically meaning additive and dangerous Enhance inhibitory action if gabba
Dependence on barbiturates
Similar to alcohol
5 percent insupervised death rate
Tremors vomit weight loss delusions hallucinogens
Self administration and coo
Self admin for sure like cocaine
No CPP
Teratological effects of barbiturates
1970 22 million effected offspring
Rats are demasculized shorter latencies lack of impulse congntol
Fewer mounts intromission or ejaculations lordosis female sex position
Humans delayed puberty undecended testicles cross gender identity lower iq and ale arming disabilities
Methaquaalude
Combining quaalude, mandrax and 5 mg of dephenhydramine Originally India anti malarial drug Now schedule one drug in us Heroin like high Disco biscuits luudes disco era Luding out alcohol and drug South Africa 60% all drug seizures
Deaths Jimi Hendrix rolling stone Brian Jones and king of Rock and roll Elvis Presley
Propandiols
Researching trying to kill a bacteria resistant to penicillin
Mephensin carbonate
Muscle relaxation and sleep
Meprobamate invented advantage high therapeutic index but disadvantage high dependence
benzodiazepines
Leo h sternbach
Research in Poland unsuccessful were shelved
ro 5 0690 tested potential anxiolyticscids marked benzodiapam
Under name
Chlorsdiszepoixixd and trade name lithium
Benzodiapam marketed as Valium
Elevated plus maze anxiolytics
Legs elevated some have walks some don’t in illuminated roomy
No drugs stay walked in bc predatory instinct
On drugs opposite
Geller seiffer procedure
Specifies tasks for reinforcement
Skinner boxcar with two levers one wall with two schedules marked by coloured might
Either good ever 2 minutes or food and pain
No drugs will press during vi schedule snd not fr
Where as drugged will sue both
Duration of action classification
Long acting;
Long acting benzodiapam
Diazepam long acting because metabolite nordiszapam = 60 hours half life
Valium
Chloeodiazapam Librium
Intermediate acting benzodiazepines
Lorazepam Ativan
Clonozapan klonopin
Fluntrazepam rohypnol
Short acting benzodiapines
Midazolam versad
Oxazepam sera ax
Alprazôlam Xanax triazolam halcion
Sleep inducing agents
Rolling Stones motherlittle helper stats on bennies
1/3 of bennies visits for Xamax ans Alprazôlam
2004 underground Life rime 4
Psst Year 2
Highsxgool 2
Antagoniste of benzodiapines
Flumazeil anecdote romazicon bonds to gabba without exerting action
Tolerance
Rapid to muscle relaxation sleep sedation and anti convulsive effects
No CPP or SA
GHB
Dregreasing solvent floor stripper and drain cleaner
GBL converted to GHB on body
Sedative hypnotics
Depress CNS activity
Anxiolytics and sleep inducting
2-4% population has anxiety disorders
