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pharm exam 3 > Sedative/anxiolytic > Flashcards

Sedative/anxiolytic Flashcards

1
Q

what dose will you have anxiolytic effects vs sedative effects in benzodiazepenes

A

low doses-anxiolytic high doses-sedative effects

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2
Q

what are the GABA-A subtypes that benzos bind to?

A

Alpha1: sedation/anticonvulsant/amnesia Alpha2:anxiolytic properties

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3
Q

when can you cause respiratory depression while taking Benzodiazepine?

A

when you take it with other CNS depressants, such as alcohol can cause LETHAL respiratory depression

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4
Q

when should you avoid giving Benzodiazepine to patientes?

A

-Pregnancy -Elderly -substance abuse a concern -sleep disorder -when alertness is reuqired

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5
Q

conscious sedation

A

midazolam, diazepam, lorazepam

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6
Q

antispasmodic

A

diazepam

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7
Q

Acute alcohol withdrawal

A

diazepam, oxazepam

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8
Q

agitated patients

A

lorazepam and diazepam

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9
Q

alprazolam tx

A

panic attack and depression

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10
Q

what benzodiazepeine is used for bipolar

A

Clonazepam, lorazepam

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11
Q

Seizure

A

diazepam, lorazepam, clonazepam, chlorazepate

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12
Q

what can be used if you have benzodiazepine overdose

A

Flumazenil

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13
Q

Which barbiturate is used as anesthesia?

A

Thiopental

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14
Q

What is the difference between benzo and barbiturates binding to GABA-A

A

Benzo increases frequency of opening of the GABA-A receptors. Barbiturates increases the duration of opening

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15
Q

which drug binds to melatonin receptors? and what is each receptor used for?

A

Ramelteon MT1: sleep onset MT2: circadian pattern

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16
Q

what drug will relieves anxiety but not affect sedation?

A

Buspirone

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17
Q

Is Buspirone used for acute or long term anxiety

A

long term–it has delayed onset of therapeutic response

18
Q

5HT reputake blockade SE

A

GI disturbances, anxiety (dose dependent), sexual dysfunction

19
Q

NE reuptake blockade SE

A

tremors, tachycardia

20
Q

DA uptake blockade SE

A

Psychomotor activation, antiparkinsonian effects, psychosis, increased attention and concentration

21
Q

H1 receptor blockade SE

A

Sedation, drowsiness, weight gain, hypotension

22
Q

Muscarinic Ach receptor blockade

A

blurred vision, dry mouth, sinus tachycardia, constipation, urinary retention, memory dysfunction

23
Q

Alpha1 receptor blockade (adrenergic)

A

postural hypotension, reflex tachycardia, dizziness

24
Q

what does MAO-A target

A

tyramine, NE, 5HT, DA

25
Q

What does MAOB target

A

mainly dopamine

26
Q

Selegiline at low dose vs high dose

A

Low dose: parkinson, MAOB inhibitor High dose: antidepressant;

27
Q

What do you have to avoid when you take MAO-A inhibitors? what could potentially happen?

A

FOOD HIGH IN TYRAMINE!!! Hypertensive crisis!

orthostatic hypotension

28
Q

What is the Wine and Cheese Rxn?

A

Tyramine triggers release of catecholamine in synapse–> increase NE, overwhelming vasoconstriction–>HYPERTENSIVE CRISIS -headaches, intracranial bleeding, stroke, orgaan damage

29
Q

what drug is used commonly for chronic neuropathic pain

A

TCA: Desipramine (most commonly used)

30
Q

which drug is used to treat enuresis

A

imipramine

31
Q

which drug is known as the hip breaker drugs? why?

A

TCA; cause orthostatic hypotension

32
Q

what are some serious side effects with TCAs?

A

Orthostatic hypotension, lethal cardiac arrhythmia, CNS toxicity (esp in elderly)

33
Q

What happens when you overdose on TCA

A

Convulsion, coma, cardiac arrhythmias (3 Cs)

34
Q

Serotonin syndrome

A

Rare side effec to SSRI due to long 1/2 life that usually occurs combining with another SSRI, MAOI, TCA. Commonly occurs when people are switching Meds.

35
Q

Which drug is used for smoking cessation besides an antidepressant

A

Bupropion

36
Q

what drug would you use if you have an acute manic attack?

A

valproic acid and carbamazepine

37
Q

MOA for Z Drug

A

bind to alpha 1 on GABA-A

38
Q

Pentobarbital

A

medically induced coma, most abused drug for barbiturate

39
Q

phenobarbital

A

anticonvulsant

safest drug during pregnancy

Status epilepticus

NEONATAL Seizures**

40
Q

Which is the longest acting barbiturates? shortest

A

phenobarbital; thiopental

pharm exam 3 (9 decks)

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