Security Concepts Flashcards
Which component of physical security addresses outer-level access control?
Perimeter security
Mantraps
Strong passwords
Perimeter security
Perimeter security is intended to delay or deter entrance into a facility. Mantraps are used for mid-layer access control to prevent tailgating. Multifactor authentication is used for mid- and inner-layer access control. Strong passwords are used for mid- and inner-layer access control
You have a very small network in a home-based office, and you want to limit network access to only those hosts that you physically own. What should you utilize to minimum this possible?
Static IP address
Disabled DNS
Empty default gateway
Static IP address
The advantage to assigning the IP addresses statically is that you can make certain which host is associated with which IP address, and then utilize filtering to limit network access to only those hosts. Disabling DNS will limit all hosts on a network from getting to the Internet and will not limit network access. A default subnet mask will not limit network access and will cause other problems. An empty default gateway will not limit network access
As part of your training program, your trying to educate users on the importance of security. You explain to them that not every attack depends on implementing advanced technological methods. Some attacks, you explain, take advantage of human shortcomings to gain access that should otherwise be denied. Which term do you use to describe attacks of this type?
Social engineering
IDS system
Biometrics
Social engineering
Social engineering uses the inherent trust in the human species, as opposed to technology, to gain access to your environment. IDS systems are network-based systems that detect intrusions. Perimeter security describes physical security. Biometrics describes an authentication method based on human physical traits
Your in the process of securing the IT infrastructure by adding fingerprint scanners to your existing authentication methods. This type of security is an example of which of the following?
Access control
Biometrics
Softening
Biometrics
A fingerprint scanner, or any device that identifies a person by a physical trait, is considered a biometric security control. Access control is the system that controls access for users. Physical barriers are structures that limit physical access. Softening refers to weakening of security
Which type of attack denies authorized users access to network resources?
DoS
Worm
Trojans
DoS
Although the end result of any of these attacks may be denying authorized users access to network resources, a denial-of-service (DoS) attack is specifically intended to prevent access to network resources by overwhelming or flooding a service or network. Worms reproduce and move throughout the network to infect other systems. Trojans are programs that enter a system or network under the guise of another program. Social engineering is a process in which an attacker attempts to acquire information about your network and system by social means, such as talking to people in the organization
As the security administrator for your organization, you must be aware of all type of attacks that can occur and plan for them. Which type of attack uses more than one computer to attack the victim?
Dos
DDoS
Worm
DDoS
A distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack uses multiple computer systems to attack a server or host in the network. A denial-of-service (DoS) is a one-on-one attack to disrupt service. Worms reproduce and move throughout the network to infect other systems, and therefore do not attack one victim. Rootkits are software programs that have the ability to hide themselves from the operating system
A vice president of your company calls a meeting with the IT department after a recent trip to competitors’ sites. She reports that many of the companies she visited granted access to their buildings only after fingerprint scans, and she wants your company to use a similar technology. Of the following which technology relies on a physical attribute of the user for authentication?
Biometrics
Geo-fencing
Tokens
Biometrics
Biometrics relies on a physical characteristic of the user to verify identity. Biometric devices typically use either a hand pattern or a retinal scan to accomplish this. Smart cards contain a private certificate key and are protected with a passphrase. Geo-fencing uses your GPS coordinates to assure that the authentication happens when you are in a defined geographic area. Tokens are rotating numerical keys that you must physically have with you
You’ve discovered that credentials to a specific application have been stolen. The application is only accessed from one computer on the network. Which type of attack is this most likely to be?
Man-in-the-middle
Zero-day
Denial-of-service (DoS)
Man-in-the-middle
A man-in-the-middle attack intercepts data and then sends the information to the server as if nothing were wrong, while collecting the information. Zero-day attacks are attacks in which a developer has not properly patched a hole yet and is unaware of the hole. A denial-of-service (DoS) attack is used to disrupt legitimate requests from being answered. A smurf attack is a type of distributed denial-of-service (DDoS)
A junior administrator comes to you in a panic. After looking at the log files, he has become convinced that an attacker is attempting to use a legitimate IP address to disrupt access elsewhere on the network. Which type of attack is this?
Spoofing
Worm
Password
Spoofing
A spoofing attack is an attempt by someone or something to masquerade as someone else (IP address) and is often used to disrupt access. Social engineering is a process in which an attacker attempts to acquire information about your network and system by social means, such as talking to people in the organization. Worms reproduce and move throughout the network to infect other systems. Password attacks are used in an attempt to guess passwords
Which of the following is different from a virus in that it can reproduce itself, is self-contained, and doesn’t need a host application to be transported?
Worm
Smurf
Trojan
Worm
A worm is different from a virus in that it can reproduce itself, is self-contained, and doesn’t need a host application to be transported. A smurf attack is a type of distributed denial-of-service (DDoS). A phishing attack is an attempt to gain a user’s credentials to a network resource. Trojan horses are programs that enter a system or network under the guise of another program
A smurf attack attempts to use a broadcast ping on a network. The return address of the ping may be that of a valid system in your network. Which protocol does a smurf attack use to conduct the attack?
TCP
UDP
ICMP
ICMP
A smurf attack attempts to use a broadcast ping (ICMP) on a network. The return address of the ping may be that of a valid system in your network. The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is not used with a smurf attack. The Internet Protocol (IP) is a suite of protocols and solely used with a smurf attack. The User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is not used with a smurf attack
Which wireless encryption protocol provides Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryption?
Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)
Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)
Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WAP2)
Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WAP2)
Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2) offers the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) for encrypting wireless communications. Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) offers weak 64- or 128-bit encryption. Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) uses the RC4 encryption algorithm. Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) is a part of the WPA encryption protocol
You want to mitigate the threat of someone attaching a wireless access point to your wired network. What should you use to mitigate this threat?
Firewall
Active Directory
Port security
Port security
Implementing port security on your switches will allow you to restrict the MAC addresses that can communicate on a switch port. This allows you to mitigate this threat. A firewall will not prevent access to your internal network. Data loss prevention (DLP) is used to limit the exposure of your data, usually through email. Active Directory provides centralized authentication in a Windows Server–based domain environment
You need to protect your users from potentially being phished via email. What of the following should you use to protect them?
Antivirus software
End-user education
SecureDNS
End-user education
End-user education is the best way to protect your users from the threat of phishing via email. Antivirus software is used to prevent viruses, not phishing attempts. SecureDNS can be useful in protecting your users, but not from phishing emails. The principle of least privilege assigns only the permissions for that user’s need to do their work, and no more
Your help desk has informed you that they received an urgent call from the vice president last night requesting his login ID and password. When you talk with the VP today, he says he never made that call. What type of an attack is this?
Spoofing
Replay
Social engineering
Social engineering
Spear phishing is a type of social engineering, where someone is trying to con your organization into revealing account and password information by pretending to be a high-level person. A spoofing attack is an attempt by someone or something to masquerade as someone else, with the intent of disrupting access. A replay attack is a form of a man-in-the-middle attack, where packets are replayed a critical time. Trojan horses are programs that enter a system or network under the guise of another program
