Secured Transactions Flashcards
What is the SCOPE of Article 9?
Consensual security interests in personalty and fixtures. If collateral is real estate, apply law of mortgages.
How does a creditor create an enforceable security interest in debtor’s collateral, meaning, how does the creditor ATTACH?
VCR
- Value given by creditor (i.e., Loan proceeds)
- Contract (also called a security agreement or record) that evidence is the secured transaction unless secure party has taken possession of collateral.
- Rights: debtors must have rights in the collateral
Once attached, how does the creditor attain PERFECTION?
Putting world on record notice of existence
When more than one creditor has a stake in the same collateral, what are the rules of PRIORITY?
Within any category, first in time, first in right
What if the debtor DEFAULTS on the debt or obligation?
Lender has statutory and judicial remedies
Giorgio Armani borrows $2 million from Bank. He grants Bank a security interest in his business equipment. Are we within the
scope of Article 9?
Yes because this is a voluntary grant of a security interest in debtor’s goods
To attach, what must the contract (security agreement) contain?
Authenticated by debtor’s signature or electronic mark and reasonably identify the collateral
Secured Party lends $500,000 to Staples Stores, taking a security interest “in all of Staples’ inventory, whether now held or
hereafter acquired.” is this enforceable?
Yes, this is an after acquired collateral clause or floating Lien which is enforceable.
What are the three methods by which a creditor can perfect its security interest?
- Take possession of the collateral
- PMSI: purchase money security interests in consumer goods perfect automatically upon attachment.
- Filing notice of the security interest with secretary of state (the security agreement or more commonly UCC-1) where debtor resides (individual) or is organized (organization) or if timber, then rolls, or fixtures in the county where the collateral is located.
What must the UCC-1 financing statement contain?
- Debtor’s name and address
- Creditors name and address
- Description of collateral (may be super generic such as “all of debtor’s assets”)
Each claimant is entitled to satisfaction in full before a subordinated claimant is entitled to take. T or F?
T
What is the order of priorities when it determining who is entitled to the debtor’s collateral?
- Buyer in ordinary course
- Perfected attached creditor
- Lien creditor
- Non-ordinary course buyer
- Attached unperfected creditor
- General unsecured creditor
Who is a buyer in the ordinary course?
Someone who purchases the collateral from a merchant’s inventory. E.g., I buy Motor Oil from Lowe’s for my snow blower.
Who is a Perfected attached creditor?
Article 9 creditor who succeeds in attaining perfection.
Who is a Lien creditor?
general unsecured creditor who goes to court to get a judicial lien on the collateral.
Who is a Non-ordinary course buyer?
someone who purchases the collateral outside the ordinary stream of commerce. For example, buying a guitar from auto mechanic.
Who is a Attached unperfected creditor?
Article 9 creditor who creates an enforceable security interest, i.e., it attaches, but either never bothers to perfect or tries to perfect but botches the effort, perhaps by filing in the wrong place.
On Jan. 1, Calista begins negotiating with Robert about lending him $10,000. On Jan. 1, Calista files a financing statement covering Robert’s Rolex. The negotiations continue. Later, Barry lends Robert $10,000, and on Feb. 1, Barry perfects a security interest in the Rolex. On March 1, Calista and Robert finally reach an agreement and Calista lends him the $10,000 and Robert signs an appropriate security agreement granting Calista a security interest in the Rolex. Who has first priority in the watch and why?
A9 allows for early filing, even at the
onset of loan negotiations. If an early filer subsequently attaches, she is allowed the benefit of her early filing. Priority will relate back to the early filing date.
Even though both are perfected attached creditors and even though Calista’s security interest attached later, Calista has priority to watch because she filed first.
Who has priority: the after-acquired collateral financier or the purchase money security interest holder?
PMSI, however, how it achieves its priority depends on whether the collateral is equipment or inventory:
1) If equipment, PMSI has priority if it files properly within 20 days after debtor takes possession.
2) If inventory, PMSI has priority if it (a) files properly before debtor takes possession and (b) notifies the after-acquired collateral financier.
Who has priority: the buyer in ordinary course or the perfected attached creditor?
PAC loses to BIOC. A buyer in the ordinary course of business takes free of a perfected security interest in seller’s inventory.
What are the options for a creditor when the debtor has defaulted on the loan and is in breach of contract?
- Self help repossession
- Repossession by judicial action
- Strict foreclosure
- The sale
- Action for deficiency judgment
When is self help repossession permissible?
Creditor cannot breach peace, which occurs when the secured party’s actions are likely to cause violence. Repossession made over any protest by debtor constitutes breach of peace. Constructive force (for example, by impersonating a law enforcement officer) is considered a breach of peace.
May a creditor attempting Self-Help repossession enter the debtor’s home?
The home enjoys a zone of privacy and security party cannot enter without voluntary and contemporaneous consent.
How does a secured party go about repossession by judicial action when debtor is in default?
Get a judicial writ ordering the sheriff to obtain possession of the collateral and deliver it to the secured party
