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English terminology > Secure terminology > Flashcards

Secure terminology Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

Antithesis

A

Setting one word or idea against another. The opposite of a thesis. When a thesis and an antithesis are resolved one has a synthesis.

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2
Q

Bathos

A

An anti-climax

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3
Q

End stopped line

A

A line of poetry where the sentence pauses naturally at the end of the line (the opposite of enjambment)

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4
Q

Extended metaphor

A

A metaphor that grows and develops throughout the text

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5
Q

Paradox

A

An apparent contradiction, hence all the more striking by its truth

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6
Q

Pun

A

A play on words

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7
Q

Allegory

A

A word with another meaning below the surface. Each element of the story represents something else.

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8
Q

Ballad

A

A traditional poem which usually tells a story in short stanzas with simple and direct language

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9
Q

Blank verse

A

Unrhymed iambic pentameter

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10
Q

Elegy

A

An expression of bereavement

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11
Q

Epic

A

A long narrative poem that concerns a hero acting out a country’s history

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12
Q

Free verse

A

A modern form of poetry where there are no ridged rules of rhythm or rhyme

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13
Q

Lyric

A

A short poem often intended to be sung. Expresses mood and emotions

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14
Q

Narrative poem

A

A poem that tells a story

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15
Q

Ode

A

An address to one subject that adopts ab elevated tone

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16
Q

Pastoral

A

A rural poem extolling an idealised version of the countryside.

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17
Q

Rhyming couplet

A

Two consecutive lines that rhyme, often at the end of poems

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18
Q

Satire

A

Comedy that mocks human follies and vices

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19
Q

Allusion

A

To refer to something indirectly or metaphorically

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20
Q

Ellipsis

A

The omission of part of a sentence, often indicated by three dots. The adjective is ‘elliptical’

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21
Q

Symbolism

A

A device in which a word or phrase represents something else

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22
Q

Euphemism

A

A word that replaces term seen by society as unpleasant or taboo

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23
Q

Elision

A

The omission of sounds in connected speech which makes sounds slide together

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24
Q

Fricatives

A

Sounds where air escapes through a small passage, eg F,V

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25
Q

Plosives

A

Sounds which release a sudden burst of air eg P,B,T

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26
Q

Sibilants

A

Constant sounds articulated with a hissing sound eg S,Z

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27
Q

Aspirants

A

Sounds that denote audible breath eg H

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28
Q

Bilabials

A

A term used to denote sounds made with both lips eg M,B

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29
Q

Nasals

A

A term used to describe consonants produced with an open nasal passage eg M,N

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30
Q

Assonance

A

A repetition of the same or similar vowel sounds

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31
Q

Onomatopoeia

A

The term used to denote words or imitate sounds

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32
Q

Discourse

A

Spoken language

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33
Q

Prosodic features

A

Use of pitch, volume, pace and rhythm to draw attention to key elements of spoken language

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34
Q

Paralinguistic

A

Non-verbal communication such as gestures, posture, facial expression

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35
Q

Fillers

A

Words used when hesitating in speech

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36
Q

Received pronunciation

A

An English accent of high social status that is not connected to a specific region

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37
Q

Tag question

A

an interrogative structure attached to the end of a sentence which expects a reply eg ‘isn’t it?’

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38
Q

Transcription

A

a written record of spoken language which might use symbols to illustrate the distinctive nature of speech

39
Q

Repair

A

the correction of a mistake or misunderstanding in a conversation

40
Q

Turn taking

A

The organisation of speakers’ contributions to a conversation

41
Q

Utterance

A

A stretch or piece of spoken language. Used instead of ‘[sentence’ when discussing spoken language

42
Q

Dynamic verbs

A

Verbs that express an action rather than a state

43
Q

Stative verbs

A

verbs that express states of being

44
Q

Auxiliary verb

A

Verbs that precede other verbs eg ‘I -have- bought a car’

45
Q

Modal verbs

A

Nine specific auxiliary verbs- can, could, might, must, shall, should, will, would, ought

46
Q

Quantifier

A

A pronoun or determiner indicative of quantity eg all, both

47
Q

Vocatives

A

The words used to name or refer to people when talking to them- come here ‘Dave’

48
Q

Nomenclature

A

The process of devising or choosing names

49
Q

Coordinating conjunction

A

A word that joins elements of equal rank

50
Q

Subordinating conjunction

A

A conjunction used to introduce a subordinate clause

51
Q

Lexical set

A

A group of words joined by similarity of meaning

52
Q

Hyperbole

A

Exaggeration

53
Q

Non-standard lexis

A

Any variety of language that does not conform to the standard form

54
Q

Archaisms

A

A word or phrase no longer in use

55
Q

Dramatic irony

A

A literary technique, originally used in Greek tragedy, by which the full significance of a character’s words or actions is clear to the audience or reader, although unknown to the characters

56
Q

Soliloquy

A

An act of speaking one’s thoughts aloud when by oneself or regardless of any hearers, especially by a character in a play

57
Q

Aside

A

A remark or passage in a play that is intended to be heard by the audience but unheard by the other characters in the play

58
Q

Superlatives

A

A word that emphasises extremes eg best, worst, cleanest, fastest

59
Q

Compound adjective

A

An adjective made up of two words joined by a hyphen

60
Q

Pathetic fallacy

A

Where the environment mirrors the emotion expressed

61
Q

Pentameter

A

A unit of poetic meter containing five feet

62
Q

Mode of address

A

The point of view of the text

63
Q

Syntax

A

The study of the relationship between words in a sentence

64
Q

Independent main clause

A

The group of words which carries the core meaning of the sentence

65
Q

Dependent or subordinate clause

A

A group of words that add extra meaning to the main clause

66
Q

Parallesim

A

The patterning of pairs of sounds, words or structures to create a sense of balance

67
Q

Foregrounding

A

A change in the structure of the sentence to place emphasis on an opening element

68
Q

End-focus

A

A change in the structure of the sentence to place emphasis on a closing element of the sentence

69
Q

Syndetic listing

A

Using conjunctions to join clauses

70
Q

Asyndetic listing

A

The omission of coordinating conjunctions as a feature of rhetorical style

71
Q

Juxtaposition

A

To place two or more things side by side (it does NOT mean compare)

72
Q

Oxymoron

A

The use of apparently contradictory words in a phrase

73
Q

Tripling

A

Listing of three items

74
Q

Emphatic stress

A

A word or phrase said with emphasis or stress

75
Q

Active voice

A

A grammatical structure in which the subject is the agent of the sentence

76
Q

Passive voice

A

A grammatical structure in which the subject and object can change places in order to alter the focus of a sentence

77
Q

Syntax inversion

A

The deliberate alteration of the structure of words in a sentence for rhetorical effect

78
Q

Lexis

A

The vocabulary of a language

79
Q

Petrarchan sonnet

A

A poem of 14 lines orgainised 8/6 written in iambic pentameter rhyming

80
Q

Shakespearean sonnet

A

A poem of 14 lines organised into three quatrains and a couplet written in iambic pentameter and rhyming abab cdcd efef gg

81
Q

Volta

A

Turning point in a poem/sonnet

82
Q

Sestet

A

A six line verse

83
Q

Octet

A

An eight line verse

84
Q

Alternate rhyme

A

lines of poetry where the rhyme is on every other line

85
Q

Internal rhyme

A

Where the rhyming sound occurs within a line of verse

86
Q

Eye rhyme

A

Where words look as if they should rhyme but in fact don’t

87
Q

Iambic

A

An unstressed syllable followed by a stressed

88
Q

Trochee

A

One stressed syllable followed by one unstressed

89
Q

Spondee

A

Two stressed syllables

90
Q

Dactyl

A

One stressed syllable followed by two unstressed

91
Q

Anapest

A

Two unstressed syllables followed by a stressed

92
Q

Tetrameter

A

A unit of poetic meter containing four feet

93
Q

Trimester

A

a unit of poetic meter containing three feet

94
Q

Anaphora

A

The repeating of words or phrases at the start of lines or sentences

English terminology (29 decks)

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