Sections in the Laboratory and Commonly Requested Lab Test Flashcards
Analyzes serum and plasma for chemical constituents to evaluate general health and disorders of body systems and organs
clinical chemistry
liquid portion of clotted blood
serum
liquid portion of unclotted blood
plasma
most abundant coagulation protein in the Blood
Fibrinogen
Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) and Glycosylated Hemoglobin
- 8-10 hrs of fasting
for the diagnosis of diabetes and mellitus
fibrinogen will be converted into
fibrin (active form)
- High-and-Low Density Lipoprotein
- Triglycerides: for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases
what is used as specimen in FBS and Glycosylated Hemoglobin
FBS - serum/ plasma
Glycosylated Hemoglobin - whole blood
fasting hours for lipid profile
total cholesterol
a set of values that a doctor uses to interpret a patient’s test results
reference interval
what does elevated levels of blood uric acid indicate?
kidney disorders/ gouty arthritis
what does and elevated levels of blood urea nitrogen indicate?
kidney disorders
what does elevated levels of creatinine indicate?
kidney disorders
what does elevated levels of Aspartate Amiotransferase (AST) indicate?
liver disorders
elevated levels of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) indicate?
bone/ liver disorders
elevated kevels of Bilirubin indicate?
liver/ hemolytic disorders
the conjugation process occurs in ____
liver
elevated levels of Lactic Dehydrogenase indicate?
myocardial infarction or lung or liver disorders
elevate levels of Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) indicate?
Early liver disorders
elevated levels of lactic dehydrogenase indicate?
pancreatitis (peak level: 48-72 hrs and after 5-10 days goes back to normal)
Hypernatremia vs Hyponatremia
hyper - increase sodium; hypo - decrease sodium
Hyperkalemia vs Hypokalemia
hyper - increase potassium; hypo - decrease potassium
Hyperchloremia vs Hypochloremia
hyper - increase chloride
hypo - decrease chloride
Focused on the identification of bacteria and fungi on specimens received.
microbiology
Detect microbial infection and determines antibiotic treatment
Culture and Sensitivity
Detects bacteria and fungi in blood
Blood culture
Detects the presence of and determines the type of fungi
Fungal culture
Detects the presence of and aids in the identification of bacteria.
Gram stain
This section deals with the enumeration of cells in the blood and other body fluids
hematology
focus on blood testing for the determination of
various coagulation factors
coagulation studies
most common body fluid analyzed in this section and a specimen obtained by using a collection of tubes with lavender stopper that contain ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) which inverted eight times.
whole blood
most common type of test performed in the Hematology
section
complete blood count
Determines the volume of RBC packed by CENTRIFUGATION
hematocrit
Determines the percentage of the different types of WBC and evaluates RBC and platelet morphology
differential
Determines the OXYGEN-carrying capacity of
RBC
hemoglobin
Determines the amount of hemoglobin in RBC
. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin
Determines the weight of hemoglobin in RBC and compares it with the size of the cell
Hemoglobin Concentration
Determines the size of RBC
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin
Determines the number of platelets in circulating blood
platelet count
Determines the number of RBC in circulating blood
RBC count
Determines the number and type of cells in bone marrow
body fluid analysis
Determines the number of WBC in circulating blood
WBC count
Calculation to determine the differences in the size of RBC
Red blood cell distribution width
determines the rate of RBC sedimentation
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
determines the number and type of cells in bone marrow
bone marrow
screening test for sickle cell anemia
sickle cell
evaluates bone marrow production of RBC
reticulocyte count
monocyte
largest WBC in the circulation
in this area, the overall process of hemostasis is evaluated; includes platelets, blood vessels, coagulation factors, fibrinolysis, inhibitors and anticoagulant theraphy
coagulation section
evaluates the intrinsic system of coagulation cascade and monitors heparin theraphy
activated partial thromboplastin time
screening test for increased clotting tendencies
Antithrombin III
evaluate the function of platelets
bleeding time
measures abnormal blood clotting and fibrinolysis
D-dimer
detect factor deficiencies that prolong coagulation
factor assays
test for increased fibrinolysis
fibrin degradation products
determines the amount of fibrinogen in plasma
fibrinogen
evaluates the function of platelets
platelet aggregation
Evaluates the extrinsic system of coagulation cascade and monitors Coumadin therapy
Prothrombin time and international normalized ratio
Determines if adequate fibrinogen is
present for normal coagulation
thrombin time
This section comprise two areas
- Urine analysis and other body fluids
- Examination of stool or routine fecalysis
clinical microscopy
detects blood, bilirubin and other pigments
urinalysis
is the routine screening procedure to detect disorders and infections of the kidney and to detect metabolic disorder such as diabetes mellitus and liver disease.
urinalysis
the appearance of urine detects?
cellular and crystalline elements
it measures the concentration of urine
specific gravity
elevated levels of protein in urine indicates
kidney disorders
elevated levels of glucose in urine indicates
diabetes mellitus
elevated levels of bilirubin indicate?
liver disorders
detects bacterial infection
nitrite
it detects WBC
Leukocyte esterase
it determines the number and type of cellular elements
microscopic
identifies abnormal antibodies in serum
panel
elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) indicate?
inflammatory disorders
it evaluates the function of immune system
Immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG, IgM) levels
