Biosafety and Security

Question 1

– Most important concept/ strict adherence
– Aware of potential hazard
– Trained and proficient in techniques
– Supervisors responsible for appropriate laboratory facilities, personnel and training

Answer 1

standard practices

Question 2

any microbiological entity, cellular or non cellular, naturally occurring or engineered, capable of replication or of transferring genetic material that may be able to provoke infection, allergy, toxicity or other adverse effects in human, animals, or plants (eg. HIV, SARS-COV 2)

Answer 2

biological agent

Question 3

• any material comprised of, containing, or that may contain biological agents and/or harmful products such as toxins and allergens (eg. blood in test tube, sputum in the mask)
• microorganisms that cause infection

Answer 3

biological material

Question 4

potential source of harm caused by biological materials

Answer 4

biohazard

Question 5

containment principles, technologies, and practices implemented to prevent unintentional / accidental exposure to pathogens and toxins, or their unintentional / accidental release

Answer 5

laboratory biosafety

Question 6

institutional and personal security measures designed to prevent the loss, theft, misuse, diversion, or intentional release of pathogens and toxins

Answer 6

laboratory biosecurity

Question 7

recapping of needles

Answer 7

biosafety concern

Question 8

medtech is a member of terrorist group

Answer 8

biosecurity concern

Question 9

lab personnel not provided with PPE

Answer 9

biosafety concern

Question 10

disgruntled staff

Answer 10

biosecurity concern

Question 11

work overload

Answer 11

biosafety concern

Question 12

waste from the lab are not segregated

Answer 12

biosafety concern

Question 13

lack of staff training

Answer 13

biosafety concern

Question 14

staff with a huge dept

Answer 14

biosafety concern and biosecurity concern

Question 15

most important concept and requires strict adherence

Answer 15

standard practices

Question 16

responsible for appropriate laboratory facilities, personnel and training

Answer 16

supervisors

Question 17

its purpose is to protect the laboratory worker

Answer 17

safety equipment

Question 18

• primary containment barrier
• minimize exposure to hazard

Answer 18

safety equipment

Question 19

engineering controls, equipment, PPE, Biosafety cabinet, Covered animal cage system, sealed centrifuge rotors are examples of which principles of biosafety?

Answer 19

safety equipment

Question 20

• second barrier
• protects outside the laboratory

Answer 20

facility design and construction

Question 21

Building and lab design, ventilation, autoclaves, cage wash facility, sealed laboratory walls/floors, HEPA filters are examples of which principles of biosafety?

Answer 21

facility design and construction

Question 22

biosafety levels are aka?

Answer 22

containment levels

Question 23

it is the combination of lab practices and procedures, safety equipment (primary barriers) and lab facilities (secondary barrier)

Answer 23

biosafety levels

Question 24

• student training and teaching lab
• no harm to humans
• nonpathogenic organism
• relies on standard microbiology practices
• wear of PPE

Answer 24

biosafety level 1

Question 25

in this level of biosafety, standard microbiological practices are followed and work can be performed on an open lab bench or table

Answer 25

biosafety level 1

Question 25

facility construction - a **sink** must be available for handwashing - the lab should have doors to separate the working space with the rest of the facility what level of biosafety is this?

Answer 25

biosafety level 1

Question 26

- in this biosafety level, clinical, diagnostic, and teaching laboratories handling moderate risks agents - lab personnel should have specific training in handling pathogens

Answer 26

biosafety level 2

Question 27

- access to the laboratory is restricted when work is being conducted - COMPLETE PPE is worn - all procedures that can cause _infection from aerosols or splashes_ are performed within a **biological safety cabinet (BSC)** - An **autoclave** or an alternative method of decontamination is available for proper disposals

Answer 27

Biosafety level 2

Question 28

facility construction - lab has self-closing doors - a sink and eyewash is readily available what level of biosafety is this?

Answer 28

biosafety level 2

Question 29

- Builds upon the containment requirements of BSL-2 - Clinical, research and production laboratories: Indigenous or exotic agents, Potential for respiratory transmission (Mycobacterium tuberculosis, St. Louis encephalitis, Coxiella) - Primary hazard: infectious aerosol - Emphasis on primary (protective clothing) and secondary barriers - Emphasis on procedures, must have written and validated Standard operating procedures

Answer 29

Biosafety Level 3

Question 30

- Laboratorians are under medical surveillance and might receive immunizations for microbes they work with. - Access to the laboratory is restricted and controlled at all times - Safety equipment - Appropriate PPE must be worn, and **respirators (N95)** might be required. - All work with microbes must be performed within an appropriate BSC

Answer 30

BSL-3

Question 31

- hands-free sink and eyewash - entrance to the lab: 2 sets of self-closing and locking doors - active security (cctv, id cards) - provides "zone of control" of hazards and odors

Answer 31

BSL-3

Question 32

- dangerous/ exotic agents: via aerosol route, no vaccines or treatment, ebola and marburg viruses - extreme containment - maximum containment

Answer 32

BSL-4

Question 33

- Change clothing before entering - shower upon exiting - decontaminate all materials before exiting - Class 3 Biosafety Cabinet - Full body, air supplied positive air pressure suits

Answer 33

BSL-4

Question 34

- Separate buildings or completely isolated zone complex, specialized ventilation requirements - Special waste management

Answer 34

BSL-4

Question 35

- Laboratories where work with microorganisms is conducted in a BSL2 lab with biosafety practices and procedures typically found in BSL3 -Risk assessment based - Challenging since it is not a recognized level in biosafety guidance documents.

Answer 35

Biosafety Level 2+

Question 36

- protection of sensitive sample from contaminant exposure - positive pressure areas - protection of personnel and the environment from biological exposure - negative pressure area

Answer 36

Biosafety Level 2+

Question 37

- a microorganism that is unlikely to cause human/ animal disease

Answer 37

risk group 1

Question 38

- a pathogen that can cause disease but is unlikely to be a serious hazard to lab workers, the community, livestock or the environment. - lab exposures may cause serious infection, but effective treatment and preventive measures are available and the risk of spread of infection is limited

Answer 38

risk group 2

Question 39

no or low individual and community risk

Answer 39

risk group 1

Question 40

moderate individual risk, low community risk

Answer 40

risk group 2

Question 41

high individual risk, low community risk

Answer 41

risk group 3

Question 42

- a pathogen that usually causes serious disease but does not ordinarily spread from one infected individual to another - effective treatment and preventive measures are available

Answer 42

risk group 3

Question 43

high individual and community risk

Answer 43

risk group 4

Question 44

a pathogen that usually causes serious disease and that can be readily transmitted from one individual to another, directly or indirectly - effective treatment and preventive measures are not usually available

Answer 44

risk group 4

Question 45

- is the assurance of safety from physical intrusion - graded layers of protection

Answer 45

physical security

Question 46

- assurance that the people are given access to sensitive biological materials should have that access - reduce the risk of theft or fraud, reduce scientific misconduct

Answer 46

personnel management

Question 47

assurance that there is an awareness of what exists in the lab, where it is and who is responsible for it

Answer 47

material control and accountability

Question 48

- Protect biological materials in the laboratory and track those materials when they are transported outside of laboratory areas. - Utilize triple packaging for transporting biological materials. - Follow chain of custody principles and establish end-user agreements.

Answer 48

transport security

Question 49

- Ensure that sensitive and valuable information stored in the laboratory is protected from theft or diversion. - Protect information that is too sensitive for public distribution. - communication and network security.

Answer 49

information security

Question 50

research that could be used for malevolent purposes

Answer 50

Dual Use research of concern (DURC)

Question 51

Monitor and assess the scientific, ethical, and social implications of certain biotechnologies. When necessary, monitor the development and integration of these technologies into scientific and clinical practice (e.g., gene editing, human gene transfer, recombinant technologies).

Answer 51

EMERGING BIOTECHNOLOGY