Sections I-IV Vocab Flashcards
hydrogen bonds
a hydrogen atom covalently bound to one electronegative atom also attracted to another electronegative atom
Electronegativity
elements that differ in their affinity for electrons. Share electrons unequally
Hydrophilic
form weak bonds to water molecules
Synthesis
A reaction that increases the structural complexity. An example is polymerization.
Polymerization
A large subset of group reactions
Condensation-Dehydration
Two molecules combine and small molecules are lost
Hydrolysis
Breakdown of an organic molecule by adding water H2O.
Polysaccharides
100 to 1000 monosaccharides linked together
Triglyceride
Three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule. Energy storage (fat),
Phospholipid
Principal component of cell membranes. Two fatty acids and a polar head group.
Peptide bond
amino groups joined together. the alpha amino group of one amino acid and alpha carboxyl group of a second.
Primary structure
Sequence of amino acids in its polypeptide chain
Secondary structure
Regular arrangement of amino acids. Localized regions of polypeptide: alpha helix and beta sheets
Alpha helix
region of polypeptide chain coils itself, with the CO group of one peptide forming an h-bond with NH
Beta sheets
two parts of a polypeptide chain lie side by side with hydrogen bonds between them
Tertiary structure
Folding of a single polypeptide. Interaction of the side chains of amino acids that live in different regions of the primary sequence. Structures are called domains. Localization of hydrophobic AA’s in the interior of the protein and the hydrophilic amino acids on the surface
Quaternary structure
Interactions between polypeptide chains in proteins composed of more than one polypeptide