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Neuro SP 2020 - Week 12 > Sections I > Flashcards

Sections I Flashcards

1
Q

Corpus Callosum

_______: spatial awareness, non-verbal communication

_______: fine detail, logical analysis, verbal/symbolic communication

  • Band of axons that connect the two cerebral hemispheres.
  • Communication between _____3.
  • Larger in women due to better at dual tasking
  • Unifies the areas of emphasis in the two dies of the brain (laterality)
  • No function is completely housed in either hemisphere
A

1) Right hemisphere
2) Left hemisphere
3) the two halves of the brain

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2
Q

Insula

  • cingulate gyrus + medial temporal lobe =____ 4
  • located deep in the lateral sulcus
  • very complex connections
  • responsive for balance between external environment and internal homeostasis
  • Integrates different dimensions of pain
  • Contains the gustatory taste cortex
  • Representation of self = ______1

Injury

  • Lesion
  • Depends upon site of lesion
  • Right insula may result ____2
  • Altered activity

Often affects eating and abdominal distress

Feelings of digust

Contributes to _____3

A

1) distinguishes yourself from others
2) in anosognosia (unaware or denial of illness)
3) anorexia nervosa
4) limbic lobe

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3
Q

PIVC (Parietoinsular Vestibular Cortex)

Includes posterior insula and adjacent parietal cortex

  • Vestibular sensations is the only sensation that does not have a primary sensory cortex
  • Neurons respond to ____1

Vestibular

Visual

Somatosensory

PIVC is a core area within a _____2

Mediates perception of body motion and verticality

Dominant in the non-dominant sensorimotor hemisphere

Integrates input from the other hemisphere via callosal fibers to inform a single perception of body position and movement.

R hemisphere controls ____3

L hemisphere controls ___ 4

A

1) multisensory information regarding motion
2) large network of areas for processing of vestibular information
3) R hand
4) L hand

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4
Q

PIVC Dysfunctions

  • Deficits in ____1
  • Deficits in ____2
  • Imparied perception of vertical
  • Vertigo (rare)
  • Lateropulsion
A

1) spatial orientaiton and spatial memory
2) attention and postural control

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5
Q

Cingulate gyrus

  • Limbic
  • Emotional processing _____1
  • ANS regulation _____ 2
  • Attention and sustained concentration (filters out irrelevant stimuli)
  • Involved in_____3
  • Involved in affective dimesion of pain (unpleasantess)
  • Involved in suppressing urinary urgency
  • Aplifies activity in one preception over another
  • Goal directed behavior
  • Strong connections with PFC, nucleus accumbens, amygdaia, hippocamus and periaqueductal gray in midbrain
A

1) (empathy, affection, attachment)
2) that modifies behavior
3) pain suppression and placebo effect

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6
Q

CIngulate gryus filters out irrelevant simtuli and attending to relevant stimuli assists in the detection of?

A

Errors and sources of conflict

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7
Q

Cingulate gryus injury -

1______

apathetic

unconcered when important events happen

difficulting with attention

2_____

3_______

urinary incontience

A

1) Depression, loss of empathy
2) Altered pain perception
3) Anterograde amenisa

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8
Q
A

Frontal Lobe

  • Anterior to the central sulcus
  • Primary motor cortex on precentral and anterior paracentral gryi
  • Premotor cortex
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9
Q

Broca’s Motor/Expressive speech/Language area is usually?

A

Left hemisphere

or

Area analogous/corresponding to Broca’s usually right hemipshere

-PFC

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10
Q
A

Frontal Lobe - Primary Motor Cortex

  • Surface of precentral gryus = Trunk, UE and Face respresented here
  • Surface of the anterior paracentral gyrus = LE here
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11
Q

Frontal Lobe - Primary Motor Cortex

Primary origin of which tracts?

A

Corticospinal tract

Corticobrainstem tract

-UMN somas

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12
Q

Frontal Lobe - Primary Motor Cortex

-Execution of voluntary movement called?

A

Fractionation - movement of fine motor

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13
Q

Frontal Lobe - Primary Motor Cortex Injury

Contralateral paresis/paralysis with loss of?

A

Fractionation

-Especially pronouned distal limb (thumb/fingers) and lower face for facial expression

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14
Q

Frontal Lobe - Primary Motor Cortex Injury

Typically?

A

Spasticity

-May include spatic dysarthria

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15
Q
A

Frontal Lobe - Premotor Cortex

Some corticospinal tract neurons start here

  • Anterior corticospinal neurons
  • UMN somas for trunk and proximal girdle muscles
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16
Q

Frontal Lobe - Premotor Cortex

Initiation of movements diected at?

A

External stimuli

-Activity increases prior to movment

17
Q

Frontal Lobe - Premotor Cortex Injury

Isolated injury unlikey

  • Impaired voluntary____?
  • Impaired sequential movements
  • Proximal limb weakness
  • Impaired axial motor control (gait, reaching)
  • Works with supplementary motor area in planning movement - apraxi
A

Motor control

18
Q

Frontal Lobe - Supplementary motor area

-What is collaboration between frontal lobe (goal-directed behavior), somatosensory and parietotemporal association cortices (location of body in space), basal nuclei, cerebellum and SMA?

A

Motor planning

19
Q

Frontal Lobe - Supplementary Motor Area

-Especially important for internally directed 2-handed?

A

Complex movements

Ex: Playing the panio

20
Q
A

Supplementary Motor Area

21
Q

Frontal Lobe - Supplementary Motor Area

  • Motor memory - stores motor programs
  • Directs activity of the primary motor and premotor cortex
  • Movement initiation
  • Inhibition of ?
A

grasp reflex

22
Q

Frontal Lobe - Supplementary Motor Area Injury

  • 1) Resumption of?
  • 2) Large area of damage to sensorimotor regions can result in?
A

1) Grasp reflex
2) Motor perseveration - repeats motor movement (ex: unlock/lock w/c breaks)

23
Q

Frontal Lobe - Supplementary Motor Area Injury

  • Apraxia
  • Motor planning deficit
  • The inability to perform tasks when asked despite intact sensation, muscle function, coordination and understanding of the ?
A
  • task
  • Breakdown in sensory-motor integration
24
Q

Frontal Lobe - Supplementary Motor Area Injury

  • Several different types of apraxia
  • Most forms are more prominent or severe with?
A

left-sided lesions

25
Q

Frontal Lobe - Supplementary Motor Area Injury

-What is unable to “act out” or imitate an action for a learned task. Likey still able to perform an action spontaneously

A

Ideomotor apraxia

26
Q

Frontal Lobe - Supplementary Motor Area Injury

  • What is the inability to establish a sequence of motor movements to complete a multistep functional task (dressing)
  • May complete steps of task in the incorrect order
  • May select an incorrect tool for a task
  • May incorrectly use a tool even if the correct tool is selected.
A

Ideational and conceputal apraxia

27
Q
A

Frontal Lobe - Broca’s Area

  • Stores motor programs for speech/language
  • Expression
  • Converts ideas into words
  • Initating speech, flow of speech, grammar
28
Q

Frontal Lobe - Broa’s Area

1) right handed most of the time will be the ___ hemisphere
2) Left handed most of the time will also be the ____ hemipshere
3) but in a few may be the ___ hemisphere or bilateral hemispheres

A

1) left
2) left
3) right

29
Q

Frontal Lobe - Broa’s Area

1) located in the opposite non-language dominant hemisphere (usually ___ hemipshere)
2) Deals with producing ____ during speech

A

1) right
2) Prosody (tone, rhythm, gestures)

30
Q

Frontal Lobe - Broa’s Area Injury

What is impairment in speaking, writing, and sign language. Comprehension of speech is often good to very good. Able to comunicate by grestures or panatomime.

A

Broca’s Expressive/nonfluent/motor aphasia

31
Q

Frontal Lobe - Broa’s Area Injury

What is production of few words? Frequently limited to nouns? Choppy frequent pauses?

Pt may curse when frustrated. In extreme cases my have only one or a few words which are used for everything.

A

Telegraphic speech

32
Q

Frontal Lobe - Area analogous to Broa’s Area Injury

What is the inability to produce altered tone and rhthym or associated gestures during speaking or sign lanague? Monotone as a result. Appear to apathetic (showing or feeling no interest, enthusiasm, or concern)?

A

Motor aprosodia

33
Q
A

Neuro SP 2020 - Week 12 (7 decks)

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