Sectional 2- Lab Info Flashcards
Signs and symptoms of pericarditis include: _ of _, increased _, and decreased _ _. Easing factors are _ _, _ on all _, and sitting _.
Signs and symptoms:
- SHORTNESS of BREATH
- increased HR
- decreased STROKE VOLUME
Easing factor: BENDING FORWARD, KNEELING on all FOURS, and sitting UPRIGHT
If someone has had a previous MI, if it happens again the symptoms will be _ _. If symptoms are _ than it is probably _ _.
If someone has had a previous MI, if it happens again the symptoms will be THE SAME
If the symptoms are DIFFERENT than it is probably SOMETHING ELSE
Muscle movements associated with deep breathing, left side bending of the trunk, bilateral trunk rotation and a supine position are all?
Are all AGGRAVATING FACTORS for pericarditis
How do you differentiate b/w pericarditis and an MI: pericarditis will be _ dependent and will have a _ _ rub. Where is it best heard?
Pericarditis will be POSITION dependent and will have a PERICARDIAL FRICTION rub
PMI (point of maximal impulse)
-left 5th intercostal space mid clavicular line
A _ _ _ will sound loud, grating, creaking or squeaking and will resemble snoring. A _ _ _ will sound hard, grating, scratching or crunching.
PLEURAL FRICTION RUB- loud, grating, creaking, squeaking, snoring
PERICARDIAL FRICTION RUB- hard, grating, scratching, or crunching
The pleural friction rub is best heard over the _ _ or the _, _ or _ _ of the lung
Best heard over the LOW AXILLA or the ANTERIOR, LATERAL, or POSTERIOR BASE of the lung
The pleural friction rub occurs in late _ and early _, but will cease when a patients _ _ _. To auscultate have the patient _ _ and _ _.
Occurs in late INSPIRATION and early EXPIRATION, but will cease when the patient HOLDS THEIR BREATH
To auscultate have the patient LEAN FORWARD and STOP BREATHING
The pericardial friction rub occurs in relation to the _, and is most noticeable during _ _ and continues even when _ _ _ _.
Occurs in relation to the HEARTBEAT, and is most noticeable during DEEP INHALATION and continues even when PATIENTS HOLDS THEIR BREATH
_ of the aorta is a narrowing that occurs after the subclavian artery. Can _ _ in the arms and head, and _ _ in the legs and seriously _ the _. How do you test?
COARCTATION of the aorta is a narrowing .. . .
Can INCREASE BP in the arms and head, and DECREASE PRESSURE in the legs and seriously STRAIN the HEART
Test by comparing the femoral and radial pulses (should beat at same time or with the femoral pulse preceding the radial pulse)
The most common sign of coarctation of the aorta is _ _ as measured in the _
Is HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE as measured in the ARM
When comparing the femoral and radial pulses to assess for coarctation the therapist wants to be on the _ _ side. Suspicion should be raised if there is any delay in the _ _. If so you should?
Therapist wants to be on the PATIENTS LEFT side
Suspicion should be raised if there is a delay in the FEMORAL PULSE
If so you should REPORT FINDINGS TO PHYSICIAN
When measuring ABI you should you take the _ _ from the dorsalis/ tibial pedis pulses and the L/R arm. When should you be concerned?
Take the HIGHEST NUMBER from the . . .
Should be concerned if it’s greater than 1.2 (dr. Garcia)/ 1.5 (handout) or less than .8-.9
_ are abnormal swishing sounds heard on auscultation of narrowed or obstructed arteries. Should be assessed if patients history includes: age over _, _, _ in the neck/ back/ abdomen/ flank, associated signs of _ and _ episodes.
BRUITS are abnormal swishing sounds heard on auscultation . .
Should be assessed if pt HX includes:
- age over 65
- CAD
- PAIN in the neck/ back/ abdomen/ flank
- associated signs of PVD
- SYNCOPAL episodes
You can cause a false bruit by?
Pushing down too hard with the stethoscope
What arteries do should you check for BRUITS
County FAIR
- carotid artery
- femoral artery
- Abdominal aorta
- iliac artery
- renal artery
When auscultating for BRUITS you should _ _ _ on abdomen
You should JUST REST DIAPHRAGM on abdomen
If aorta is narrowed it will cause a _ in _ after narrowing and a _ in _ before. Can cause _ bleeds, _, _, and _ feet. In a child they will have a _ _ _ and/or _ easily.
It will cause a DECREASE in PRESSURE- after narrowing
It will cause an INCREASE IN PRESSURE- before narrowing
Can cause NOSE bleeds, HTN, HEADACHES, and COLD feet
In a child they will have POOR EXERCISE TOLERANCE/ FATIGUE easily
The _ _ and _ _ are the 2 most common sites for a peripheral arterial anuerysm, occurs almost exclusively in _, and is most often caused by _.
The POPLITEAL SPACE and FEMORAL TRIANGLE are the 2 most common sites for peripheral arterial aneurysm, occur almost exclusively in MEN, and is most often caused by ATHEROSCLEROSIS
A peripheral arterial aneurysm will present as a _ _ that is _ _ or _ in diameter and will cause _ _ in the LE
Will present as a PULSATING MASS that is 2 cm or MORE in diameter and will cause ISCHEMIC SYMPTOMS in the LE (intermittent claudication, resting pain, thrombosis)
A right ABI equals ratio of _ of the right pressures (posterior tibialis or dorsal pedis) divided by _ arm pressure in? Left ABI?
Right ABI= HIGHER of the right foot pulses/ HIGHER arm pressure in RIGHT OR LEFT
Left ABI= HIGHER of the left foot pulses/ HIGHER of the arm (left or right)
ABI is taken using a _ and BP cuff on the LE pulses and a _ and BP cuff on the UE
LE pulses use DOPPLER and BP cuff
UE pulse use STETHOSCOPE and BP cuff
_ _ _ is the filling of the jugular vein with excessive fluid, such that it becomes visibly bulging. Often due to?
JUGULAR VEIN DISTENTION is the filling of the . . .
Often due to RIGHT SIDED HEART FAILURE
With _ _ you are palpating for vibrations that can be felt when an individual is speaking. It is evaluated at _ _ starting above the scapula and ending just below.
With TACTILE FREMITUS you are palpating for vibration . . .
It is evaluated a 6 LOCATIONS starting above the scapula and ending just below
Changes in tactile fremitus: increase could indicate _ or decreased bilaterally could mean _.
Increase- PNEUMONIA
Decrease bilaterally- COPD
Differentiating sound: _ sounds dull; _ sounds resonant/ lower pitched; _ sounds tympanic/ hollow quality; _ _ sounds flat/ high pitched
LIVER sounds dull
LUNGS sound resonant/ lower pitched
STOMACH sounds tympanic
THIGH MUSCLE sounds flat
What is the range of normo-active bowel sounds when auscultating abdomen?
Norma-active is 5-34 clicks/ gurgles per minute
When using the blue/ green filaments you should apply _ _, if using the red apply _ _.
When using the blue/ green filaments you should apply 3 TIMES if using the red apply ONLY ONCE
What is the monofilament size that is used to decipher if patient is at risk for ulceration? How much pressure should you apply with the filament?
5.07
Apply enough pressure to Bend the monofilament (approx. 10 grams)
_ of _ _ means that the patient will be unable to detect discomfort from ulcerations, cuts, blisters, puncture wounds or pressure necrosis from poorly fitted shoes.
LOSS OF PROTECTIVE SENSATION
