Lab Information Flashcards
Parts of the _ _ is connected to the large curvature of the stomach and the transverse colon. The _ _ is connected to the small curvature of the stomach, the liver and the duodenum.
GREATER OMENTUM- large curvature of the stomach/ transverse colon
LESSER OMENTUM- small curvature of the stomach/ liver/ duodenum
One theory on the purpose of the greater/ lesser omentum is that it functions as form of _ _ because it can _ _ _ and can _ an infection from spreading to the rest of the abdominal cavity.
It functions as a form of INFECTION CONTROL because it can ENCAPSULATE BURST ORGANS (ex. Appendix) and can SEPERATE an infection from spreading to the rest of the abdominal cavity
The _ is a bilayer of tissue that holds organs in place an serves as a conduit and prevents the tangling of nerves and lymph vessels and is supplied with blood.
The MESENTERY is a bilayer of tissue . . .
What are the 3 parts of the mesentery?
3 parts:
- mesentery PROPER
- MESOCOLON
- BROAD LIGAMENT OF THE UTERUS
Which part of the mesentery is exclusively connected to the small intestines? The Colon (transverse, sigmoid, etc.)?
Mesentery proper- small intestines
Mesocolon- colon
The _, _, and _ ligaments keep the uterus in place.
The BROAD, ROUND and CARDINAL ligaments keep the uterus in place.
The _ _ bifurcates into the left and right _ _ _, which then travel on to become the _ _ (superior and inferior bundles) and the _/ _ _ artery.
The ABDOMINAL AORTA bifurcates in the left and right COMMON ILIAC ARTERY, which then travels on to become the GLUTEAL ARTERY (sup/ inf bundles) and the FEMORAL/ DEEP PROFUNDUS artery
The _ is a filtering organ whose function is infection control. Where is it located in the abdomen?
The SPLEEN is a filtering organ whose function is infection control.
Located in the UPPER LEFT QUADRANT
Which organ has not yet been transplanted? 3 parts?
pancreas
3 parts:
-Head, Body, and tail
If a tumor occurs in the _ of the pancreas in can be removed. If it happens in the _ it is possible it can be removed. If it happens in the _, you’re screwed.
If occurs is the :
TAIL- can be removed
BODY- possibly removed
HEAD- screwed
What are the 3 parts of your small intestine (in order from stomach to colon)?
DJI
- duodenum (first section)
- jejunum (second section)
- ileum (last section)
Meaning of duodenum? Function: bile ducts and pancreas send _ to break down _, _ and _ in the duodenum.
Means- 12 fingers long
Function: bile ducts and pancreas send ENZYMES to break down PROTEINS, LIPIDS AND SUGARS in the duodenum
The _ means empty one. It’s function is to _ _ and _ _ _ from the _. It has the highest?
The JEJUNUM means the empty one
It’s function is to ABSORB ENZYMES and BROKEN DOWN NUTRIENTS from the DUODENUM.
It has the highest BLOOD SUPPLY
The ileum means the _/ _ one. _ _ can occur at the ileum- cecum junction.
The ileum means the TANGLED/ CROOKED one
CELIAC’S DISEASE can occur at the ileum- cecum junction
The _ is the first part of the large intestine. Is the place where _ _ and _ _ can get stuck and result in . Means “ bag”.
The CECUM is the first part of the large intestine.
Is the place where STARCHY FOOD and RED MEAT can get stuck and result in HALITOSIS
Means “EMPTY bag”
The _ _ means ribbon like structure, and is made of _ _ of _ _ that run along the colon that contract and straighten in order to move food through the large intestine.
The TENIA COLI means ribbon like structure, and is made of 3 STRANDS of SMOOTH MUSCLE that run along the colon . . .
What are the 4 sections of the large intestine in order from mouth to anus?
AT DS
- ascending
- transverse
- descending
- sigmoid
The _ is located behind the sternum and pericardium And between the lungs. It’s purpose is to receive immature _ _ that are produced in the _ _ _ and train them into functional mature _ _ that attacK _ _ cells.
The THYMUS is located behind the sternum and the pericardium and between the lungs.
It’s purpose is to receive immature T CELLS that are produced in the RED BONE MARROW and train them into functional mature T CELLS that attack ONLY FOREIGN cells
Cranial nerve I, aka _ nerve doesn’t need to be evaluated routinely, however it should be looked at in a patient with a suspected _ _ disorder. What sense does it control?
CN I, aka OLFACTORY nerve doesn’t need to be evaluated routinely . . . Should be looked at in a patient with a suspected FRONTAL LOBE disorder.
Controls SMELL
A _ loss of smell, known as _ _, is more important than _ loss because it indicates a lesion effecting the _ nerve on _ _ _.
A UNILATERAL loss of smell, known as UNILATERAL ANOSMIA, is more important than BILATERAL loss because it indicates a lesion affecting the OLFACTORY nerve ON THE SAME SIDE.
What are 2 common techniques used to test visual acuity? What nerve is being tested?
2 common techniques:
- SNELLEN chart
- POCKET VISUAL ACUITY CARD
CN II, Optic nerve is being tested
What test is being described: examiner stands 3’ in front of and facing the patient, patient is asked to close one eye and then the examiner holds up fingers/ and asks patient ‘how many’. The test is repeated in the upper and lower quadrants on the open eye side. Then repeated with on the other eye. What nerve is being tested?
CONFRONTATION TESTING
The CN II, optic nerve is being tested
The pupillary light reflex is tested by? The response to light is controlled by sensory nerves that travel with _ _ , and the motor nerves that travel with _ _ . Both of which innervate the _ _ which controls the size of the pupil.
Tested by shining a light in the patients pupil and assessing the response (direct/ consensual) in both eyes.
The response to light is controlled by sensory nerves that travel with CN II and the motor nerves that travel with CN II
Both innervate the CILIARY MUSCLE which controls the size of the pupil
If you shine a light in a persons right eye and the right pupil constricts it is called a _ _, if you shine a light in a persons right eye and the left pupil constricts it is known as a _ _.
Same pupil reacts- DIRECT RESPONSE
Opposite pupil reacts- CONSENSUAL RESPONSE
Asymmetry of the pupils is known as _, some people have no underlying neuropathy.
Known as ANIOSOCORIA
What test looks at a the eye’s motor response? Which nerves are being tested? (3)
SMOOTH PURSUIT TEST
Looks at CN III, IV, VI
CN V, or the _ nerve has _ _. Name them.
CN V, or TRIGEMINAL nerve, has 3 BRANCHES
3 branches (MOM):
- Maxiallary
- ophthalmic
- mandibular
How is the sensory nerves tested from the trigeminal nerve? Motor nerves?
Sensory- touch patients face using cotton ball/ pin (light touch/ sharp touch) in each of the 3 branches bilaterally
Motor- palpate the temporalis and masseter muscles bilaterally while patient tightly closes their jaw
What is the name of the test in which the examiner takes a q-tip and lightly brushes the lateral aspect of the sclera of each of the eyes, and observes for bilateral blinking reflex? What nerves are being tested? (2)
The CORNEAL REFLEX test
Nerves tested:
- sensory limb of the CN V/ Trigeminal nerve
- motor limb of the CN VII/ Facial nerve
How are the branches of the facial nerve (CN VII) that innervate facial muscles tested? (4)
- Have pt. smile and observe for symmetry
- Have pt. puff out cheeks against resistance (with fingers)
- Have pt. wrinkle forehead
- Have pt. shut eyes/ keep them shut as therapist attempts to open
What test is being described: Therapist strikes tuning fork to start vibration, then applies it to the patients mastoid process, should conduct vibration and pt. should hear. When they can no longer hear the sound move the tuning fork towards the opening of the ear, pt. should be able to hear it again. Is repeated on both sides/ ears.
RINNE TEST
What does the Rinne test look at? What is considered normal/ positive? Negative result suggests?
The Rinne test looks at conductive hearing loss/ deafness (using air conduction AC, and bone conduction BC)
Normal/ positive result: AC is greater than BC
Negative result (BC greater than AC) suggests/ indicates conductive deafness
What test is being described: therapists strikes tuning fork to start vibration, then holds it against the pt. forehead/ or place on face that is equal distance between each ear. Asks patient if sound is heard equally in both ears, or is one louder than the other.
WEBER TEST
The Weber tests allows clinician to differentiate between _ hearing loss and _ hearing loss. How?
Allows clinician to differentiate between CONDUCTIVE hearing loss and SENSORINEURAL hearing loss.
If the Rinne confirms conductive hearing loss AND the sound is heard LOUDER on the SAME SIDE as the positive Rinne test it is- CONDUCTIVE
If the Rinne test is NEGATIVE, but patients reports hearing sound LOUDER on one side (ex. Right) versus the other than it is indicative of SENSORINEURAL hearing loss on the opposite side (ex. LEFT CN PROBLEM)
Both the Rinne test and the Weber test are looking at the function of which CN?
CN VIII
- Vestibulocochlear
