section two- responding to the enviroment Flashcards
what is a stimulus
A stimulus is anything that can trigger a physical or behavioral change
examples of change in enviroment stimulus
external - alarm clock, dog barking
internal- body temp change, blood sugar levels drop
the response in the organism stimulus can be
Physiological (functional) e.g.- shivering, sweating
Behavioural e.g.- eat some food, put more cloths on
There are many types of receptor. The sensory receptors in humans can be
grouped into four types.:
Mechanoreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Thermoreceptors
photoreceptors
what do recepters do
receive signals and initiate a response.
what are Mechanoreceptors simulated by
mechanical force or some type of pressure.
Mechanoreceptors help us sense:
- Touch
- Sound
- Equilibrium and position
- Blood pressure
Chemoreceptors respond to
Chemoreceptors respond to chemical
substances.
Chemoreceptors help us sense:
- Taste
- Smell
- Blood pH
- Pain
Thermoreceptors help us sense
Thermoreceptors located in the skin and
brain respond to changes in temperature.
Thermoreceptors help us sense:
- Increases in temperature
- Decreases in temperature
Photoreceptors help us sence
Photoreceptors (rod and cone cells) found
in the eye respond to light energy.
Photoreceptors help us sense:
- Dim light (rod cells)
- Bright light and colour (cone cells)
what are Effectors
An effector is a muscle or gland that produces a response to a stimulus.
examples of An effector is
a muscle that contracts - biceps when lifting objects
what is a Response
A response is a physiological or behavioural change in an organism caused by a stimulus
Sensory and motor neurons make up the
PNS
The stimulus-response model is a diagram of the steps involved in responding to our environment. what is the steps
stimuls to recepters to CNS to seffectors to reponse
The stimulus-response pathway is usually coordinated by the
CNS
The nerve cells that carry impulses from receptors to the CNS are called
sensory neurons
The nerve cells that carry impulses from the CNS to the effectors are called
motor neouron
The CNS connects the sensory and motor neurons and is made up of neurons called
interneouron
Sensory and motor neurons make up the
PNS
