section quiz 2

Question 1

What are the 2 types of Nucleic Acids?

Answer 1

DNA and RNA

Question 2

What does a nucleotide contain?

Answer 2

a phosphate group, a sugar molecule, and a nitrogen-containing base

Question 3

The information in a molecule of DNA is determined by what?

Answer 3

Its sequence of bases (Adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine)

Question 4

In DNA, what pairs with what?

Answer 4

A & T and G & C

Question 5

Difference between RNA and DNA?

Answer 5

Instead of thymine, RNA has a similar base called uracil

Question 6

Define cell

Answer 6

the smallest unit of life that can function independently and perform all the necessary functions of life, including reproducing itself

Question 7

What are the 2 main categories of cells?

Answer 7

Eukaryotic cells and Prokaryotic cells

Question 8

What does the cell theory state?

Answer 8

All living organisms are made up of one or more cells and that all cells arise from one another

Question 9

Endosymbiosis theory

Answer 9

developed to explain the presence of two organelles in eukaryotes, chloroplasts in plants and algae, and mitochondria in plants and animals

Question 10

What determines whether a protein resides on the surface or extends through the bilayer?

Answer 10

Amino acids may contain either hydrophobic or hydrophilic side chains

Question 11

What are the 4 primary types of membrane proteins that perform different functions?

Answer 11

Receptor, recognition, transport, and enzymatic proteins

Question 12

Why do “beta blockers” reduce anxiety?

Answer 12

They work to dampen down the body’s ‘fight-or-flight’ response

Question 13

What are the two types of passive transport:

Answer 13

diffusion and osmosis

Question 14

What is simple diffusion?

Answer 14

molecules pass directly through the plasma membrane without the assistance of another molecule

Question 15

What is facilitated diffusion?

Answer 15

Molecules move across the plasma membrane with the help of a carrier molecule

Question 16

What is osmosis?

Answer 16

A type of passive transport by which water diffuses across a membrane, in order to equalize the concentration of water inside and outside the cell.

Question 17

Define Tonicity

Answer 17

the relative concentration of solutes outside of the cell relative to inside the cell

Question 18

Define Tonicity

Answer 18

the relative concentration of solutes outside of the cell relative to inside the cell

Question 19

What are the three types of endocytosis?

Answer 19

Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 20

What is exocytosis?

Answer 20

the method by which cells export products for use in another location

Question 21

What is the nucleolus?

Answer 21

an area near the center of the nucleus where subunits of the ribosomes are assembled

Question 22

What are lysosomes?

Answer 22

round, membrane-enclosed, acid-filled vesicles that function as garbage disposals

Question 23

What is the endomembrane system?

Answer 23

system that - produces modifies molecules to be exported to other parts of the organism and breaks down toxic chemicals and cellular by-products

Question 24

function of the rough er?

Answer 24

modifies proteins that will be shipped to other locations in the endomembrane system, the cell surface, or outside the cell

Question 25

Function of the smooth er?

Answer 25

• synthesizes lipids such as fatty acids, phospholipids, and steroids & detoxifies molecules such as alcohol, drugs and metabolic waste products

Question 26

Function of the golgi apparatus

Answer 26

processes and packages lipids, proteins, and other molecules for export to other parts of the organism

Question 27

Function of the vacuole?

Answer 27

stores nutrients, retains and degrades waste products, and provides physical support

Question 28

Site of photosynthesis is in the ______?

Answer 28

chloroplast

Question 29

How do fuels provide energy?

Answer 29

the activities of living organisms are fueled by breaking chemical bonds and harnessing the released energy

Question 30

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 30

when plants capture energy from the sun and store it in the chemical bonds of sugars and other food molecules

Question 31

What is cellular respiration?

Answer 31

organisms (including plans) release the energy stored in the chemical bonds of food molecules they ear (or the sugar they produce in photosynthesis) and use it as fuel

Question 32

What is energy?

Answer 32

The capacity to move matter against the opposing force

Question 33

Examples of kinetic energy

Answer 33

heat energy and light energy

Question 34

What is potential energy?

Answer 34

a capacity to do work that results from the location or position or an object

Question 35

What is chemical energy?

Answer 35

a form of potential energy stored in chemical bonds

Question 36

What is chemical energy?

Answer 36

a form of potential energy stored in chemical bonds

Question 37

The Second Law of Thermodynamics states…..

Answer 37

as energy is captured and converted, the amount of energy available to do work decreases

Question 38

What is Chlorophyll?

Answer 38

plant pigment that absorbs certain wavelengths of energy (photons) from the sun

Question 39

What is the Calvin Cycle?

Answer 39

the synthesis reaction of photosynthesis. Involves three steps: fixation, sugar creation, and regeneration