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concept of biology > quiz 4 > Flashcards

quiz 4 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

steps of cellular respiration

A

glycolysis, ACETYL CoA, krebs cycle, electron chain reaction

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2
Q

what requires 1 fuel and 2 oxygen

A

cellular respiration

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3
Q

what increases the amount of useable energy that is generated during cellular respiration

A

breakdown of food

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4
Q

what is used to make ATP in the electron transport chain?

A

NADH and FADH2

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5
Q

what is an allele

A

alternative version of a gene that code for the same trait

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6
Q

what is an exon?

A

coding region of DNA that encodes protein

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7
Q

what is an intron

A

non-coding region spliced out in mRNA

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8
Q

genes =

A

exons + introns

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9
Q

what is a genotype

A

the allele (genetic makeup) that is present in an organism

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10
Q

what is a phenotype

A

the physical manifestations of the instructions

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11
Q

5 tools of biotechnology

A

chop, amplify, insert, grow, and identify

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12
Q

what is CRISPR

A

a gene editing system that brings greater precision and efficiency to modifying genomes

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13
Q

4 steps of mitosis

A

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

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14
Q

what is apoptosis

A

the pre-planned process of cell suicide

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15
Q

two types of eukaryotic cells

A

somatic and reproductive

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16
Q

what happens during metaphase

A

sister chromatids line up at the center of the cell

17
Q

what happens during anaphase

A

the system chromatid pairs are pulled apart by the spindle fibers. 1 full set of chromosomes goes to one side of the cell and another identical set goes to the other side

18
Q

what happens during telophase

A

the chromosomes begin to uncoil as the nuclear membrane reassembles around them

19
Q

what are gametes

A

sperm + egg

20
Q

what are diploid cells

A

somatic cells (23 pairs)

21
Q

what are haploid cells

A

gametes (23)

22
Q

what ingredients must be present in the cytoplasm for translation to occur?

A

free amino acids, ribosomal units, and transfer RNA

23
Q

how many possible codons are there?

A

64 (4 x 4 x 4)

24
Q

what are the steps of translation?

A

Recognize and initiate protein building, elongate, and terminate

25
Q

what are mutations?

A

alteration to the sequence of bases in DNA

26
Q

2 human genes that are apart of breast cancer?

A

BRCA1 and BRCA2

27
Q

difference between Point Mutations and Chromosomal Aberrations

A

in point mutations, one nucleotide is changed, whereas on chromosomal aberrations, entire sections of a chromosome are altered

28
Q

What is Biotechnology?

A

adding, deleting or transplanting genes from one organisms to another, to alter the organism in useful ways

29
Q

What allows re-ligation in Restriction Enzymes

A

sticky ends

30
Q

what is Hybridization?

A

identifying gene of interest using a radioactive DNA probe

concept of biology (5 decks)

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