Section One Tests - WWI to WWII Flashcards
When was the Treaty of Versailles?
The treaty took place in WW1. The armistice was signed on June 28, 1919, but took much longer for negotiations to be settled, approximately half a year.
What was the Treaty of Versailles?
The treaty ended the war between Germany and the Allied Forces in WW1
Who was involved in the Treaty of Versailles?
The 5 major nations, Japan, France, Italy, England and the USA. Russia was exempted due to a private negotiation. Surprisingly, Japan and Italy left the treaty as it did not meet their wants.
What did Germans think of the Treaty of Versailles?
Understandably, German public opinion and attitude soon swung against this, calling the Germans who signed it called the Criminals. Many Germans felt unfairly treated. After all, they had just signed an armistice, not a unilateral surrender, and the allies had not occupied deep into Germany. Despite this, they had to face financial debt and lose majority of their resources, causing unbearable living conditions.
What was the impact of the Treaty on German?
The Treaty resulted in Germany losing 13% of its land, 12% of its people, 48% of its iron resources, 15% of its agricultural production and 10% of its coal. Moreover, they were forced to take responsibilities for damages caused and for the war, causing them to go into a financial debt. And prevented from building up an army.
Was the League of nations a success or failure and why?
The league of nations was an idea put forward by President Wilson from America. It was meant to end all and any further wars, violence and handle disputes peacefully between countries. However, the league of nations lacked the power to back up the ideology, with America refusing to participate despite proposing it due to a policy of isolationism. Moreover other major powers such as Russia refused to be involved. Making it a ‘toothless tiger’.
Post WWI America was called The Roaring Twenties. Why is that?
Due to the hire purchase which allowed people to do pay in installments, and the assembly line ( made by henry ford ) which allowed for mass production, a surplus of affordable goods and entertainment were found. Moreover, the nation’s wealth doubled as a result and urbanisation occurred due to more jobs being created and needed in the big cities. Hence this time was called the roaring twenties due to its prosperous nature.
Why did the Great Depression happen?
The enormous growth in production of goods and prices of shares in the US caused companies to produce more goods than they could sell, resulting in many businesses closing down and many jobs disappearing. The second problem was that investors borrowed tons of money to buy shares of the companies, but when those companies began to fall out of demand, they lost confidence and immediately rushed to sell their shares causing the market to collapse. Overall resulting in a huge fall in demand for goods and services and employment to be sacked.
What was the effect of the great depression?
During the Depression, many Australian workers faced high unemployment rates, lower wages, increased poverty, reduced industrial production, rising homelessness, and people migrated to urban areas in search of jobs. And children were more malnourished.
When did the great depression happen?
1929 to 1939 was the timeframe of the great depression
Why did the great depression affect Australia
Australia owed large and increasing amounts of interest to overseas lenders, causing their economy to be extremely reliant on other oversea exporters such as America.
When did the league of nations happen / first meeting
1920
When was the roaring twenties
1920 - 1929
What is communism?
Communism is where the state owns everything and people share work fairly and are paid the equally. Land and resources are allocated equally to all as well
Or
Extreme form of socialisms in which all people own the means of production as the state wither away and produces a classless society
produced by Karl Marx
Where did communism appear?
Russia was where it predominantly occurred due to Joseph Stalin in 1917.
What political ideologies rose after WWI?
Communism, Fascism
Aspects of Fascism?
The key beliefs of fascism were:
Dictatorship - Anti democracy
Nationalism - Desire to expand its territory
Pro war and violence - to achieve their aims (approved using violence to achieve their goals)
Absolutely opposed to civil liberties and individuals’ rights and freedoms.
Belief in Imperialism - That some nations had the right to rule others (The british believed in this way back)
Racist - belief that some races are superior to others
Anti communism and socialism - no workers’ rights
What countries were fascist
Germany, Italy, Frace, Britain, Usa and Australia have been facist. It was generally supported by a lot of the wealthy and middle classes who feared communism and socialism as they did not want to lose their wealth. But in WW2, the main countries were Germany, Italy and Japan (axis powers)
Why did Communism appeal to people in russia?
The living conditions in areas such as Russia were on an extreme decline as a result of the WWI, with resources being monopolised by the wealthy hence leading majority to want the resources to be shared and everyone to be equal.
Why did fascism appeal to people?
Fascism grew in popularity during this time because people were genuinely struggling and looking for someone to blame. Fascist governments were quite effective at using propaganda to blame certain groups of people for everyone’s problems (Nazis in 1930s Germany for example).
When did Communism get introduced?
in 1917 by Karl Marx, who was the founder of communism and conflict theory. He was a German.
When did Fascism get introduced?
Developed in a number of countries in the 1920 - 1930.
What did Fascism originate from?
Fascism was based on a practise in Ancient Rome
An elected leader would carry a bundle of sticks wrapped around an axe symbolising strength and power. It was called the FASCES
Mussolini adopted this image as a symbol of italian facism. The Nazis adopted another symbol called the swartz sticker.
When did Adolf Hitler attempt the Munich Pustch?
In 1923 adolf Hilter led a fascist group called the nazi party and attempted to seize power - called the Munich Putsch - but were defeated
What was the goal of communism?
Communist believed that the rich were getting richer and the poor were getting poorer. They wanted to make everything equal.
Issues with communism
Lack of choice (cannot do what you want, can only do what others are doing)
A lack of individuality (it was all owned by the state) people couldn’t set up their own businesses or even advertise it
Equal treatment for all, even if you work harder than all the rest.
What is capitalism?
It’s an economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners (individuals) for profit. It’s not everything equal, if you work harder, you can earn more. Promoting a growing economy.
What countries were capitalist
Most countries were capitalist to build up their economy.
The con of capitalism
The growing divide in social classes.
What was the name of Hitlers Manifesto?
During his time in prison, he wrote a book called the mein kampf (my struggle) for loyal nazi mein kampf became a sort of bible.
Where and when was the mein kampf written?
Written in 1925
when he was in prison after a failed coup.
What are the ideologies in the Mein Kampf
Policy of Lebensraum
Totalitarianism
Opposition to Communism
Anti-semitism
Where was the treaty of versailles signed?
Paris Peace Conference
When did the stock market crash?
The stock market crashed on the Wall Street Stock Exchange, New York in
October 1929
What was LEBENSRAUM
As the superior race, Germans deserved “living space” (LEBENSRAUM). Which was to be taken from the inferior races, the slavic peoples to the east. He planned to make Germany master of Europe. In other words, he thought Germans should own Europe,
A related ideology was Volk. Hitler thought the natural unit of mankind was the volk (“the people”), of which the German people were the greatest. He believed that the state existed to serve the Volk - a mission to him the Weimar Germany Republic had betrayed. In other words, he thought the government should serve the people
He planned to restore the German pride and prestige and form a new German empire: the third Reich (empire)
Totalitarianism
A small ruling group controlled by one leader (the FUHRER) should rule.
The people should show absolute obedience and loyalty to the state
No democracy
Anti-semitism
He believed the greatest enemy of all to be Jew, who was the incarnation of evil. And used jews as a convenient scapegoat for Germany’s troubles
In Mein Kampf , he described the jews as the destroyer of culture, a parasite within the nation, and a menace
Who were the SA (brownshirts?)
Adolf Joined the Nazi party after ww1, he formed the Sturmabteilung (SA) in 1921. They were is assault crew.
What did the Brownshirts do?
They were helped him gain influence and power, assaulting and intimidating his political rivals.
The SS - Who were they?
The Schutzstaffel were a protection squad for Hitler founded in 1925 by hitler
The SS Roles
Originally a small personal bodyguard squad, the SS grew with the Nazi movement leading to immense police and military power. They ensured security, survellience and absolute control over Germany for hitler. They often felt superior to the SA Brownshirt Storm Troopers due to their sleek uniforms.
What was the Gestapo?
The Gestapo were Hitlers secret police force.
What did the Gestapo Do?
investigate cases of treason, espionage, sabotage and criminal attacks on the Nazi Party and Germany. And eliminate political rivals.
Night of the Long Knives:
The Night of Long Knives, also known as the Röhm Putsch, was the purge of the SA leadership and other political opponents from 30 June 1934 to 2 July 1934. Carried out primarily by the SS and the Gestapo, around 400 people were murdered, including the SA leader and hundreds more were arrested.
Kristallnacht:
Kristallnacht (night of broken glass) was a violent anti-Jewish pogrom in 1938 November, where Jewish-owned properties were destroyed, and many Jews were killed or sent to concentration camps. It marked a significant escalation in Nazi persecution of Jews and foreshadowed the Holocaust.
The Enabling Act:
The Enabling Act, passed in 1933, gave Hitler’s government the power to make laws without involving the parliament for four years. It allowed Hitler to swiftly consolidate power and dismantle democratic institutions, leading to the establishment of a totalitarian regime in Germany.
The major events that lead Hitler to take power and become the Fuhrer were?
The death of Stressman, his most dangerous political rival.
The great depression which left Germany vulnerable.
Enabling Act:
night of long knives,
Kristallnacht:
Him being elected as Chancellor due to majority of the seats held by nazis in in January 1933.
Death of the current leader Hidenburg, left him as number one in German.
Why was there so many Nazis in the Seats?
He set people up with his ideals in positions of power through sponsorships by rich businessmen who feared communism
How did Hitler and the Nazi government spread propaganda on the German people.
Hitler made use of the peoples hate and desire to blame something for their misery, spreading propaganda for them to direct the hate. He spread them through posters, books and even people.
Who Was Neville Chamberlain
He was the British PM
What did Neville Do?
Chamberlain believed that correcting the perceived wrongs of the Treaty of Versailles and avoiding another war were paramount. He thought giving in to Hitler’s demands would secure peace and so he did. Moreover Chamberlain was reluctant to go to war over issues that seemed distant and not directly affecting Britain’s interests, like the conflict between Germany and Poland. Hence, he allowed Hitler to gain and amass more power than he should have.
What was the policy of appeasement?
Appeasement was the policy of giving in to Hitler’s demands as long as they seemed reasonable, mainly to avoid another war.
