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History Y10 Individual > Section One Tests - WWI to WWII > Flashcards

Section One Tests - WWI to WWII Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the Treaty of Versailles?

A

The treaty took place in WW1. The armistice was signed on June 28, 1919, but took much longer for negotiations to be settled, approximately half a year.

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2
Q

What was the Treaty of Versailles?

A

The treaty ended the war between Germany and the Allied Forces in WW1

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3
Q

Who was involved in the Treaty of Versailles?

A

The 5 major nations, Japan, France, Italy, England and the USA. Russia was exempted due to a private negotiation. Surprisingly, Japan and Italy left the treaty as it did not meet their wants.

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4
Q

What did Germans think of the Treaty of Versailles?

A

Understandably, German public opinion and attitude soon swung against this, calling the Germans who signed it called the Criminals. Many Germans felt unfairly treated. After all, they had just signed an armistice, not a unilateral surrender, and the allies had not occupied deep into Germany. Despite this, they had to face financial debt and lose majority of their resources, causing unbearable living conditions.

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5
Q

What was the impact of the Treaty on German?

A

The Treaty resulted in Germany losing 13% of its land, 12% of its people, 48% of its iron resources, 15% of its agricultural production and 10% of its coal. Moreover, they were forced to take responsibilities for damages caused and for the war, causing them to go into a financial debt. And prevented from building up an army.

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6
Q

Was the League of nations a success or failure and why?

A

The league of nations was an idea put forward by President Wilson from America. It was meant to end all and any further wars, violence and handle disputes peacefully between countries. However, the league of nations lacked the power to back up the ideology, with America refusing to participate despite proposing it due to a policy of isolationism. Moreover other major powers such as Russia refused to be involved. Making it a ‘toothless tiger’.

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7
Q

Post WWI America was called The Roaring Twenties. Why is that?

A

Due to the hire purchase which allowed people to do pay in installments, and the assembly line ( made by henry ford ) which allowed for mass production, a surplus of affordable goods and entertainment were found. Moreover, the nation’s wealth doubled as a result and urbanisation occurred due to more jobs being created and needed in the big cities. Hence this time was called the roaring twenties due to its prosperous nature.

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8
Q

Why did the Great Depression happen?

A

The enormous growth in production of goods and prices of shares in the US caused companies to produce more goods than they could sell, resulting in many businesses closing down and many jobs disappearing. The second problem was that investors borrowed tons of money to buy shares of the companies, but when those companies began to fall out of demand, they lost confidence and immediately rushed to sell their shares causing the market to collapse. Overall resulting in a huge fall in demand for goods and services and employment to be sacked.

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9
Q

What was the effect of the great depression?

A

During the Depression, many Australian workers faced high unemployment rates, lower wages, increased poverty, reduced industrial production, rising homelessness, and people migrated to urban areas in search of jobs. And children were more malnourished.

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10
Q

When did the great depression happen?

A

1929 to 1939 was the timeframe of the great depression

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11
Q

Why did the great depression affect Australia

A

Australia owed large and increasing amounts of interest to overseas lenders, causing their economy to be extremely reliant on other oversea exporters such as America.

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12
Q

When did the league of nations happen / first meeting

A

1920

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13
Q

When was the roaring twenties

A

1920 - 1929

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14
Q

What is communism?

A

Communism is where the state owns everything and people share work fairly and are paid the equally. Land and resources are allocated equally to all as well
Or
Extreme form of socialisms in which all people own the means of production as the state wither away and produces a classless society

produced by Karl Marx

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15
Q

Where did communism appear?

A

Russia was where it predominantly occurred due to Joseph Stalin in 1917.

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16
Q

What political ideologies rose after WWI?

A

Communism, Fascism

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17
Q

Aspects of Fascism?

A

The key beliefs of fascism were:
Dictatorship - Anti democracy

Nationalism - Desire to expand its territory

Pro war and violence - to achieve their aims (approved using violence to achieve their goals)
Absolutely opposed to civil liberties and individuals’ rights and freedoms.

Belief in Imperialism - That some nations had the right to rule others (The british believed in this way back)

Racist - belief that some races are superior to others

Anti communism and socialism - no workers’ rights

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18
Q

What countries were fascist

A

Germany, Italy, Frace, Britain, Usa and Australia have been facist. It was generally supported by a lot of the wealthy and middle classes who feared communism and socialism as they did not want to lose their wealth. But in WW2, the main countries were Germany, Italy and Japan (axis powers)

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19
Q

Why did Communism appeal to people in russia?

A

The living conditions in areas such as Russia were on an extreme decline as a result of the WWI, with resources being monopolised by the wealthy hence leading majority to want the resources to be shared and everyone to be equal.

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20
Q

Why did fascism appeal to people?

A

Fascism grew in popularity during this time because people were genuinely struggling and looking for someone to blame. Fascist governments were quite effective at using propaganda to blame certain groups of people for everyone’s problems (Nazis in 1930s Germany for example).

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21
Q

When did Communism get introduced?

A

in 1917 by Karl Marx, who was the founder of communism and conflict theory. He was a German.

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22
Q

When did Fascism get introduced?

A

Developed in a number of countries in the 1920 - 1930.

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23
Q

What did Fascism originate from?

A

Fascism was based on a practise in Ancient Rome
An elected leader would carry a bundle of sticks wrapped around an axe symbolising strength and power. It was called the FASCES
Mussolini adopted this image as a symbol of italian facism. The Nazis adopted another symbol called the swartz sticker.

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24
Q

When did Adolf Hitler attempt the Munich Pustch?

A

In 1923 adolf Hilter led a fascist group called the nazi party and attempted to seize power - called the Munich Putsch - but were defeated

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25
What was the goal of communism?
Communist believed that the rich were getting richer and the poor were getting poorer. They wanted to make everything equal.
26
Issues with communism
Lack of choice (cannot do what you want, can only do what others are doing) A lack of individuality (it was all owned by the state) people couldn't set up their own businesses or even advertise it Equal treatment for all, even if you work harder than all the rest.
27
What is capitalism?
It's an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners (individuals) for profit. It's not everything equal, if you work harder, you can earn more. Promoting a growing economy.
28
What countries were capitalist
Most countries were capitalist to build up their economy.
29
The con of capitalism
The growing divide in social classes.
30
What was the name of Hitlers Manifesto?
During his time in prison, he wrote a book called the mein kampf (my struggle) for loyal nazi mein kampf became a sort of bible.
31
Where and when was the mein kampf written?
Written in 1925 when he was in prison after a failed coup.
32
What are the ideologies in the Mein Kampf
Policy of Lebensraum Totalitarianism Opposition to Communism Anti-semitism
33
Where was the treaty of versailles signed?
Paris Peace Conference
34
When did the stock market crash?
The stock market crashed on the Wall Street Stock Exchange, New York in October 1929
35
What was LEBENSRAUM
As the superior race, Germans deserved “living space” (LEBENSRAUM). Which was to be taken from the inferior races, the slavic peoples to the east. He planned to make Germany master of Europe. In other words, he thought Germans should own Europe, A related ideology was Volk. Hitler thought the natural unit of mankind was the volk (“the people”), of which the German people were the greatest. He believed that the state existed to serve the Volk - a mission to him the Weimar Germany Republic had betrayed. In other words, he thought the government should serve the people He planned to restore the German pride and prestige and form a new German empire: the third Reich (empire)
36
Totalitarianism
A small ruling group controlled by one leader (the FUHRER) should rule. The people should show absolute obedience and loyalty to the state No democracy
37
Anti-semitism
He believed the greatest enemy of all to be Jew, who was the incarnation of evil. And used jews as a convenient scapegoat for Germany’s troubles In Mein Kampf , he described the jews as the destroyer of culture, a parasite within the nation, and a menace
38
Who were the SA (brownshirts?)
Adolf Joined the Nazi party after ww1, he formed the Sturmabteilung (SA) in 1921. They were is assault crew.
39
What did the Brownshirts do?
They were helped him gain influence and power, assaulting and intimidating his political rivals.
40
The SS - Who were they?
The Schutzstaffel were a protection squad for Hitler founded in 1925 by hitler
41
The SS Roles
Originally a small personal bodyguard squad, the SS grew with the Nazi movement leading to immense police and military power. They ensured security, survellience and absolute control over Germany for hitler. They often felt superior to the SA Brownshirt Storm Troopers due to their sleek uniforms.
42
What was the Gestapo?
The Gestapo were Hitlers secret police force.
43
What did the Gestapo Do?
investigate cases of treason, espionage, sabotage and criminal attacks on the Nazi Party and Germany. And eliminate political rivals.
44
Night of the Long Knives:
The Night of Long Knives, also known as the Röhm Putsch, was the purge of the SA leadership and other political opponents from 30 June 1934 to 2 July 1934. Carried out primarily by the SS and the Gestapo, around 400 people were murdered, including the SA leader and hundreds more were arrested.
45
Kristallnacht:
Kristallnacht (night of broken glass) was a violent anti-Jewish pogrom in 1938 November, where Jewish-owned properties were destroyed, and many Jews were killed or sent to concentration camps. It marked a significant escalation in Nazi persecution of Jews and foreshadowed the Holocaust.
46
The Enabling Act:
The Enabling Act, passed in 1933, gave Hitler's government the power to make laws without involving the parliament for four years. It allowed Hitler to swiftly consolidate power and dismantle democratic institutions, leading to the establishment of a totalitarian regime in Germany.
47
The major events that lead Hitler to take power and become the Fuhrer were?
The death of Stressman, his most dangerous political rival. The great depression which left Germany vulnerable. Enabling Act: night of long knives, Kristallnacht: Him being elected as Chancellor due to majority of the seats held by nazis in in January 1933. Death of the current leader Hidenburg, left him as number one in German.
48
Why was there so many Nazis in the Seats?
He set people up with his ideals in positions of power through sponsorships by rich businessmen who feared communism
49
How did Hitler and the Nazi government spread propaganda on the German people.
Hitler made use of the peoples hate and desire to blame something for their misery, spreading propaganda for them to direct the hate. He spread them through posters, books and even people.
50
Who Was Neville Chamberlain
He was the British PM
51
What did Neville Do?
Chamberlain believed that correcting the perceived wrongs of the Treaty of Versailles and avoiding another war were paramount. He thought giving in to Hitler's demands would secure peace and so he did. Moreover Chamberlain was reluctant to go to war over issues that seemed distant and not directly affecting Britain's interests, like the conflict between Germany and Poland. Hence, he allowed Hitler to gain and amass more power than he should have.
52
What was the policy of appeasement?
Appeasement was the policy of giving in to Hitler's demands as long as they seemed reasonable, mainly to avoid another war.
53
How effective was the policy of appeasement?
Not effective at all. Hitler kept taking and taking and amassing more power leading him to be harder to control.
54
Why was the policy of appeasement installed?
Due to the state they were left in due to the Great Depression
55
Why was the Policy of Appeasement Supported?
They believed that the Treaty of Versailles had treated Germany unfairly and that allowing Germany to re-arm would prevent the spread of Communism and ensure peace.
56
Final Solution Policy is...
The final solution was the holocaust. It was the / plan to do a mass extermination of Jews.
57
Holocaust is...
The Holocaust was the systematic murder of Europe's Jews by the Nazis and their collaborators during the Second World War 1941 - 1945. They were gassed, shot and killed in any way imaginable.
58
Who were the Axis Powers?
Coalition headed by Germany, Italy, and Japan
59
Who were the Allies?
France, Great Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union, and, to a lesser extent, China. *and their colonies like Australia
60
What event led to the start of WWII
Adolf Hitler's invasion of Poland
61
When did Adolf Hitler invade Poland?
in September 1939
62
Who first declared war after Hitler invaded Poland
Great Britain and France declared war on Germany, marking the beginning of World War II.
63
Blitzkrieg means and is?
Tranlsated to Lightning War, Blitzkrieg was used during 1939 to 1941 and was a tactic short campaigns. Rushing the enemy with dive bombs, planes and tanks. With no time for others to organise defense, it was a sucessful strategy.
64
What was Operation Sea Lion
It was a battle between Germany Luftwaffe and Great Britain's Royal Air Force fought in the skies.
65
When was Operation Sea Lion
September 1940
66
Where was Operation Sea Lion
It was in the England Theatre of War in Britain.
67
Where was Operation Barbarossa
It was in the Russia Theatre of War - Think rossa like russia >:)
68
When was Operation Barbarossa
on June 22nd 1941.
69
What was Operation Barbarossa
Was the name given to Nazi Germany’s plan to invade Russia
70
What operation was the "Battle of Britain" called?
Operation Sea Lion
71
Was operation Barbarossa successful?
The operation failed, as the cold climate was something they never experienced. Causing their tanks and vehicles to break in the cold climate and foot supplies to be too inconsistent. Leading to the German leader to surrender despite Hitlers refusal.
72
Was Operation Sea Lion Sucessful?
No, Britain won.
73
Why is the name Dunkirk significant?
Dunkirk is where operation Dynamo took place.
74
What is operation dynamo
Operation Dynamo, was the evacuation from Dunkirk
75
When was Operation Dynamo?
When Germany invaded France in May 1940, their attack was so strong that it forced the allied forces to retreat to Dunkirk (in France), trapping themselves between the advancing Nazis and the English Channel.
76
Was Operation Dynamo a Success?
The event at Dunkirk was called a miracle as the British managed to rescue 338,000 men under fire!
77
What caused operation Dynamo?
When Germany invaded France in May 1930, their attack was so strong that it forced the allied forces to retreat to Dunkirk (in France), trapping themselves between the advancing Nazis and the English Channel.
78
What were Australians called in the European Theatre of War?
Rats of Tobruk
79
Where was the battle in the El Alamein
Egypt
80
What Operation is D Day called?
Operation Overlord
81
What is Operation Overlord?
The invasion of Germany occupied France by the allies by sets of American, England and Canadian Troops.
82
When did Operation Overlord happen?
on June 6 1944 it happened.
83
Where did Operation Overlord Happen and Why?
Over 3 million personnel were involved and they took the beaches, coming by ship and continued into Normandy. They did not go to Dunkirk as they knew that was where Germans were expecting them to land as they were last seen there.
84
Was Operation Overlord a Success?
the bloody and protracted Battle of Normandy was a decisive victory for the Allies and paved the way for the liberation of much of north-west Europe.
85
What was USA's Attitude towards World War 2?
Due to their isolation policy which was placed so they could recover from the Great Depression, they acted indifferent and did not participate in WW2 for a large period of time.
86
When did USA join WW2
7 December 1941 due to the bombing of pearl harbor.
87
When was the Attack on Pearl Harbour
On7 December 1941
88
Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor?
Japan attacked Pearl Harbor as they wanted to capture vital oil resources. Japan is a bunch of small islands, they lack a lot of resources.
89
What was the treatment of Japanese POW
They treated the POW like shit. They beat, malnourished barely kept them alived. lol
90
Why did Japanese Treat POW so harshly?
Due to the Bushido Code, and their strong beliefs about how surrender is bad.
91
What does POW mean
Prisoner of War
92
What was the Papua New Guinea Campaign
It was a jungle campaign through a tropical thick jungle. Extremely hard to trudge through. In which Japan fought against the Allies - Primarily Australia
93
Who were the Fuzzy Wuzzy Angels?
The papua new guinea or local native population assisted soldiers acting as porters and carrying out injured soldiers. They were referred to as the “Fuzzy Wuzzy Angels” due to their fuzzy hair and how they saved soldiers.
94
Where were the atomic bombs dropped?
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
95
Why were the Atomic Bombs Dropped?
President Roosevelt had to make a decision to make the war end earlier (through the atomic bomb and civilians), or sacrifice his own troops and prolong the war. He decided to do it in Hiroshima. And then three days later did it to the Japanese city of Nagasaki again in an attempt to make them surrender.
96
Effects of Atomic Bomb
Forced Surrender of Japan Millions of Death Devasted the City
97
Against atomic bombing
It was unjustified. Why was there two surely one would be enough to force a surrender?
98
For the Atomic Bomb
They had a bushido code and very strict ideals. Hence the bombs were a necessity to force a surrender.
99
What was the role of women on the homefront?
worked in defense plants and volunteered for war-related organizations, in addition to managing their households.
100
What were the roles of children on the homefront?
Children of all ages could get involved in the war effort. Older boys and girls joined the Boy Scouts and Girl Guides. They supported Air Raid Precautions by acting as messengers or fire-watchers. Younger children helped salvage war materials, raised money for munitions or knitted comforts for troops.
101
How did Australias Alliance change from being more to Britains side, to USA?
They changed as Britain tried forcing troops in a different theatre of war, leading to Australia to be more undefended. Whereas USA wanted to station them to another theatre of war which protect Australia.
102
What did the term segregation mean in the USA?
Segregation is the action of separating people, historically on the basis of race and/or gender
103
What are some examples of Jim Crow Laws.
Access to public services, Segregated toilets segregated water taps Segregated bus seats if you didnt follow them, you would get fined or jail time as they were LAWS
103
Jim Crow Meaning
Jim Crow is a derogrative term for African Americans
104
Montgomery Bus Incident
Rosa Parks in December 1955 (MS EDWARDS BIRTHDAY !!!!... she said the n word yesterday :D) she refused to give up her seat for a white man on the bus. Sparking and inspiring activists
104
How were Aboriginals treated?
Segregation in public facilities, including pools and cinemas, poor housing, substandard education, and widespread social and economic discrimination against Aboriginal people.
105
Similarities between the treatment of African Americans and Aboriginal Australians
Both were extremely segregated
106
What protests movements happen in America in regards to Civil Rights and African Americans
The Montgomery bus boycott, sparked by activist Rosa Parks Martin Luther
106
Differences between treatment of African American and Aboriginal Australians.
Unlike Americans, Australians thought they were doing what was best. Trying to forcefully [assimilate not integrate] Aboriginal people, expecting them to live like 'white' people, adopting European cultural practices and language and leaving their own culture and language behind. Whereas Americans segregated them due to hate.
107
What was the freedom ride?
Charles Perkins organized the 1965 Freedom Ride in Australia. Its purpose was to highlight and protest against the discrimination and poor living conditions faced by Aboriginal people, drawing national attention to their civil rights issues and also to investigate it. It was a huge success, drawing large amounts of attention toward Aboriginal treatment
108
What protests movements happen in Australia in regards to Civil Rights and Aboriginals
- Freedom Ride - inspired by rosa parks: - Olympic Black Power Salute
109
Australian protest at the olympics?
Black American athletes and Peter Norman at the 1968 Olympics in Mexico City?
110
Who was Martin Luther King Junior?
an african american visionary leader and advocate for equality who spearheaded the civil rights movement in America through nonviolent protests.
111
Who was Rosa Parks?
Rosa Parks invigorated the struggle for racial equality when she refused to give up her bus seat to a white man in Montgomery, Alabama. Parks' arrest on December 1, 1955 launched the Montgomery Bus Boycott by 17,000 black citizens in the USA.
112
Who was Charlie Perkins?
Charles Perkins was the first Aboriginal to graduate from a university in Australia. He was neat, tidy, smart and held a good job. He was the extreme opposite of the stereotype. Inspired by the U.S. black American civil rights movements, he organised the freedom ride.
113
What does the term stolen generations relate to?
a period in Australia's history where Aboriginal children were removed from their families through government policies. This happened from the mid-1800s to the 1970s.
114
What is the significance of the apology offered by PM Kevin Rudd
On 13 February 2008, Prime Minister Kevin Rudd offered a formal apology to Australia's Indigenous peoples, particularly the Stolen Generations. The apology was a watershed moment for reconciliation in Australia, which helped further move Australia to reconciliation.
115
Waves of Immigration to Australia post WWII
Many refugees post WWll came seeking aslyum Populate or Perish Polish Policy - Which involved taking more people from migrant camps and accepting them. - Started from 13th July 1945. Assisted Migrations (This is where the term new Australians originated from) - “Ten Pound Pom” scheme was launched in 1945 and continued into the early 1970s. Child Migration - Which involved ONLY children migrating to Australia. Which often left them alone.
116
Why did people migrate to Australia and where did they come from?
In Europe, millions of people were stranded outside their homelands, unable to return. In Australia, there was a desperate shortage of labour and a growing belief that substantial population growth was essential for the country's future.
117
What were the different Australian Government Migration Policies during the Twentieth Century?
White Australian Policy Assimilation Policy Multiculturalism Policy Populate or Perish Polish Policy
118
What were the experiences of migrants in Australian WWII
Since Australia in this period, spent a lot of time trying to populate Australia, racism was to a lesser extent and they were more welcomed as to other places. Moreover, they found jobs more easily due to the labor shortage. Althouhg racial injustice was still apparent with those descending from the axis power being frowned upon and put in camps.
119
What tests was taken for WWII immigrants
A dictation test, given to those trying to enter Australia. It tested an individuals linguistic and writing capabilities, by quizzing them in ANY LANGUAGE they sought fit. Hence the Australians used it to prevent other races from coming in. For instances, a chinese would be asked to speak russian.
120
What was the Populate or Perish Polish Policy
To help populate Australia by help accepting a large intake of migrants.
121
What was the Multiculturalism Policy?
recognizing and preserving the multicultural heritage of everyone.
122
What was the Assimilation Policy
Seeks that all persons any multicultural descent will live in a similar manner of living to that of other Australians, abandoning their culture and only doing Australian beliefs.
123
What was the White Australian Policy
The limit of non-white (主要中国人) immigration to Australia, to help keep Australia 'British'. - Racists :,)... though they could've kept one race out still....
124
What was Fascism in governments?
ultranationalist political ideology and movement, characterized by a dictatorial leader who holds most of the countries power.
125
Why did Hitler gain so much support quickly?
But in 1933, Hitlers Nazi’s gained control of Germany, mainly due to the Great Depression which left people vulnerable. Which allowed him to quickly rally support of Germany.
126
When was Papua New Guinea campaign?
January 1942 until the end of the war in August 1945.
127
Who was the British PM who allowed the Policy of Appeasement
Neville Chamberlain

History Y10 Individual (3 decks)

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