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NIMS - Book II > Section IV - Chapter 4 Wildland Fire Fighting Safety > Flashcards

Section IV - Chapter 4 Wildland Fire Fighting Safety Flashcards

1
Q

The ____ Standard Orders and ____ Situations That Shout Watch Out were developed in response to serious injuries or fatalities to firefighters occurring in the line of duty.

A

10 / 18

p 251

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2
Q

Ten standard fire fighting orders:
Fire Behavior
1. Keep informed on fire __________ conditions and forecasts.
2. _______ what your fire is doing at all times.
3. Base all actions on current and expected ___________ of the fire.

A
  1. weather
  2. Know
  3. behavior

p 251

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3
Q

Ten standard fire fighting orders:
Fire Line Safety
4. Identify ________ _______ and _______ _______ and make them known.
5. Post ____________ when there is possible danger.
6. Be _______. Keep _______. Think ________. Act ___________.

A
  1. escape routes and safety zones
  2. lookouts
  3. alert / calm / clearly / decisively

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4
Q

Ten standard fire fighting orders:
Organizational Control
7. Maintain prompt ________________ with your forces, your supervisor, and adjoining forces.
8. Give clear _____________ and ensure they are ____________.
9. Maintain control of your _________ at all times.

A
  1. communication
  2. instructions / understood
  3. forces

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5
Q

Ten standard fire fighting orders:
If you considered 1 through 9, then
10. Fight fire _____________, having provided for ________ first.

A
  1. aggressively / safety

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6
Q

Ten standard fire fighting orders

____________ is the major factor in fire behavior.

A

Weather

p 252

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7
Q

Ten standard fire fighting orders

Firefighters must _____________ observe from vantage points and scout ahead in order to obtain firsthand information on what the fire is currently doing.

A

personally

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8
Q

Ten standard fire fighting orders

As the volume of fire increase, fire ____________ must also increase.

A

awareness

p 252

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9
Q

Ten standard fire fighting orders

The areas already ________ by the fire may provide good safety zones if they are close enough.

A

burned

p 252

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10
Q

Ten standard fire fighting orders

Natural barriers such as rock _______, __________, ________, and _______ and slide areas also make good safety zones.

A

ledges, riverbeds, streams, lakes

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11
Q

Ten standard fire fighting orders

_____________ are able to keep an eye on the bigger picture and warn personnel of changes in conditions.

A

Lookouts

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12
Q

Ten standard fire fighting orders

______-___-______ communications with _______ aids or ______ signals can be an effective way to maintain safety.

A

Line-of-sight / visual / hand

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13
Q

Ten standard fire fighting orders

Good communication is the key to maintaining _________. Self-discipline is required of each crew member in order to maintain control through the _______ ____ __________.

A

control / chain of command

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14
Q

Ten standard fire fighting orders

Aggressive action is the key to effective ____________.

A

suppression

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15
Q

LCES is an acronym that stands for the following:

  • L_____-_____
  • C_______________
  • E_______ _________
  • S_______ ________
A
  • Look-outs
  • Communications
  • Escape Routes
  • Safety zones

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16
Q

______ is a refocus on the essential elements of the 10 Standard Firefighting Orders.

A

LCES

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17
Q

____________ must be in position where both objective hazards and the firefighters can be seen.

A

Lookouts

p 255

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18
Q

There must be more than one ________ _______ available to firefighters at any given time.

A

escape routes

p 255

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19
Q

________ _______ are locations where threatened firefighters may find refuge from danger.

A

Safety zones

p 255

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20
Q

Refuge in wildland fires:

  1. Try to escape the area by means of your _______________ escape routes.
  2. Take refuge in a ___________; ensure you have a safe zone for your _________, run the pump and have a ___________ ___________ available with you in the structure.
A
  1. predetermined
  2. structure / engine / charged hoseline

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21
Q

Refuge in wildland fires:

  1. Take refuge in a __________. If that __________ is a fire engine, run the pump and have a charged hoseline available.
  2. As a last resort, take refuge in the best possible ________ and deploy your fire _________. This should only be done when your predetermined escape routes have been lost and you have no other options.
A
  1. vehicle / vehicle
  2. area / shelter

p 255

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22
Q

Use of a structure for refuge:

  • Bring in whenever possible a ________ ___________, ___________, back pump or any other ______ that may help extinguish any fire that may break through.
A
  • charged hoseline / extinguisher / tool

p 256

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23
Q

Use of a structure for refuge:

When the fire hits, put out small _________ fires with a hoseline, extinguisher, or back pump and wait for fire to pass before trying to put out any fire on the _________ of the structure.

A

interior / exterior

p 256

24
Q

Use of a structure for refuge:

After the fire passes, perform a ______ and check crew members for __________. Move outside and check on the ___________. Attempt to extinguish any fires on or around the _____________ is possible. Next, attempt to extinguish the ___________ fire (if any) based on the structure triage protocols.

A

PAR / injuries / apparatus / apparatus / structure

p 256

25
Q

A vehicle can offer protection from heat and flames of a wildland fire for a ?

A

short period of time

p 256

26
Q

Using a vehicle for refuge:

When the fire hits, stay as ______ ____ ___________ to us the protection of the door and take ________ ________.

A

low as possible / shallow breaths

p 257

27
Q

Using a vehicle for refuge:

When the fire hits, keep the engine running at ______ ______ and run the ______ _____________ if the vehicle is so equipped.

A

high rpms / air conditioner

p 257

28
Q

Using a vehicle for refuge:

When the fire hits, expect temperatures to reach over _______.

A

200 *F

p 257

29
Q

Using a vehicle for refuge:

If you must abandon the vehicle before the fire passes, remain ______ and deploy your _________ in the cab before opening the door. Step out with the _________ wrapped around your body and stay ?

A

calm / shelter / shelter / as low as possible

p 257

30
Q

Using a vehicle for refuge:

After the fire passes, exit the cab with your fire shelter in ______ in case you are forced to take shelter again. Check all members of your crew, treat injuries and ________ your status to your supervisor. ____________ your apparatus if possible. If your apparatus cannot be saved, start for another _______ _______.

A

hand / report / extinguish / safe area

p 257

31
Q

Using a fire shelter for refuge:

The shelter reflects about _____ percent of _______ heat that reaches it.

A

95 / radiant

p 257

32
Q

Using a fire shelter for refuge:

The shelter does not offer effective protection against ?

A

direct flame or “convective” heat

p 257

33
Q

Using a fire shelter for refuge:

Deploy as far from ______ as possible. Do not deploy next to ______, small ______, _________, piles of slash, or fire fighting ___________.

A

fuels / grass / trees / brush / equipment

p 257

34
Q

Using a fire shelter for refuge:

Suggested areas for deployment include _______, _______, or ______ roads; _________ areas that will not re-burn; rockslides; or areas cleared by _______.

A

paved, gravel, or dirt / burned / dozers

p 258

35
Q
  • An FAA certified aircraft that is configured to transport and deliver fire-retardant solutions to wildland fires. In ICS, these aircraft are controlled by the Air Attack Coordinator on an incident.
A

Air tanker

p 258

36
Q
  • The _______ drop is a single drop from one door at a time, or it could be made from multiple doors, depending on the aircraft. In this case the aircraft makes more than one drop on a single flight over the incident.
A

Split drop

p 258

37
Q
  • The _______ drop is a series of overlapping drops or one drawn out drop made by activating the opening of the tank doors in a prescribed sequence allowing for a long, continuous retardant drop.
A

Trail

p 258

38
Q
  • The _______ drop occurs when the entire load is dropped at one time.
A

Salvo drop

p 258

39
Q
  • A low pass that is made by the lead plane and/or air tanker over the drop site before making an actual retardant drop. This allows the pilots to test the atmospheric conditions before committing to a lower altitude and confirms the location of the requested drop.
A

Dry run

p 258

40
Q
  • Any substance that by chemical or physical action reduces flammability of combustibles.
A

Fire retardants

p 258

41
Q
  • The usage of retardant drops to pretreat the fuel before the actual fire reaching it to slow or retard fires spread rate.
A

Pretreatment

p 258

42
Q
  • Fire line that is a result of a retardant drop. The application of a retardant line must be followed up by ground suppression activities for best effectiveness.
A

Retardant line

p 258

43
Q
  • Wing tip vortex is a turbulence caused by air slipping off the wing tips of aircraft in flight and can cause adverse effects on fire spread and on other aircraft following through it. A similar action that occurs with helicopters is called rotor blade down wash or rotor vortex.
A

Vortex

p 258

44
Q

________ are used on wildland fires with the intention of attaining prompt control.

A

Aircraft

p 259

45
Q

The air attack is most effective when making fast initial attack on small fires followed by fast, aggressive _________ _________.

A

ground action

p 259

46
Q

The ____ _______ _______ Supervisor flies above the fire and tells the air tankers where their drops are to be made or provides tactical objectives to the _____ ________ / _______ ________ Coordinator who gives direct supervision to air tankers.

A

Air Tactical Group / Air Tanker/Fixed Wing

p 259

47
Q

Air tactical operations are always coordinated with the ____________ _________ Chief who is directing all suppression operations.

A

Operations Section

p 259

48
Q

Rules when being dropped on by an air tanker.

  • Move out of the _______ ______ if there is time.
  • If not, stay way from large, old ______; ______ or ______ may break off and cause injury.
  • Never _______ ____ and ______ an incoming retardant drop, this will only increase chances of injury.
A
  • target area
  • trees / limbs or tops
  • stand up and face

p 259

49
Q

When in the drop area:

  • The most dangerous area for ground personnel is in the ________ ____ to _____ feet of the drop pattern.
  • If possible, grab something _______ and get behind it. Lie down on your __________ facing the oncoming airdrop.
  • Cover your ______ and hold ______ firmly out to the side and away from your body.
A
  • center 15 to 20 feet
  • solid / stomach
  • face / tools

p 259

50
Q

Rotary wing aircraft consists of all sizes of ___________.

A

helicopters

p 259

51
Q
  • A water/retardant delivery system that is suspended below the helicopter via cable capable of dipping from a natural or constructed water source or a portable retardant plant. The cable length may vary from 15 to 150 feet.
A

Bucket

p 260

52
Q
  • Vehicle used to transport personnel and related support equipment needed in conjunction with helicopter operations.
A

Helitack Mobile Service Unit (HMSU)

p 260

53
Q
  • An improved place or spot where a helicopter takes off or lands.
A

Helispot

p 260

54
Q

Rotary wing aircraft uses:

  • _______________ - a flight that provides an aerial platform for observation and intelligence gathering over an incident.
  • _____________ - The helicopter has proven to be very effective method of _____________ personnel and/or injured personnel from dangerous situations.
A
  • Reconnaissance
  • Evacuation / evacuating

p 260-261

55
Q

Helicopter safety:

  • Never approach a helicopter from the ______.
  • Do not face a landing helicopter unless your are wearing _________.
A
  • rear
  • goggles

p 261

NIMS - Book II (22 decks)

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