Section III - Structural Collapse Incidents - Chapter 1 - Operational Considerations Flashcards
The IC will need to develop a _________ ____________ plan that includes the appropriate priorities, objectives, command structures, and resource requirements.
rescue operational
p 163
Rescue operational plan:
* ________. The _______ of day will provide information on the occupancy load and location of people in the structure.
- Time / time
p 163
Rescue operational plan:
* ______________. Knowledge of the ____________ will yield information on hazards, occupant use, types, and number of businesses.
- Occupancy / occupancy
p 163
Rescue operational plan:
* _________ and _______ ( _____ sides ). Consider all _____ sides and the area involved.
- Height and area ( six sides ). / six
p 163
Rescue operational plan:
* ___________. _________ control is a major safety factor to rescuer and victim alike.
- Utilities (gas, water, electric). / Utility
p 163
Rescue operational plan:
* _______. Surface and underground ______ systems may be part of the collapse problem or impact it by vibration.
- Rail / rail
p 164
Rescue operational plan:
* __________ equipment. Collapsed structure rescue operations may require the use of ___________ search equipment such as electronic listening devices, fiber optic camera; and portable cutting, breaking, and breaching equipment.
- Special / specialized
p 164
Rescue operational plan:
* _______________ equipment. Large, mechanized _____________ equipment may be needed to remove debris so that rescue operations can be expedited.
- Construction / construction
p 164
Rescue operational plan:
* __________ materials. A large amount of _________ materials may be required for access to the victim and structural stabilization. Pre-incident planning of supply sources is important.
- Shoring / shoring
p 164
Rescue operational plan:
* __________ ______. The first 24 hours of rescue operations will yield the most survivors. The term “__________ ______” is used for US&R as the “__________ _______” is used for medical.
- Golden Day (24 hour survival window) / “Golden Day” / “Golden Hour”
p 165
Normally, a _________ ________ with heavy capability may arrive at the scene of a collapse structure incident sometime after initial actions have been taken by volunteers or first responder resources. The _________ ________ Leader commands a specialized resource that should assume those priority tasks the team is trained and equipped to perform.
rescue team / Rescue Team Leader
p 165
Rescue operational plan:
A _________ ____________ survey should be made so that the Team Leader can develop an accurate strategic and tactical operational plan before taking action.
damage assessment
p 165
Initial size-up:
Anticipated activities to perform before beginning structural collapse operations:
* Identify buildings _____________, that is, by address, physical location, unique design, etc.
* General area ________ to identify separate buildings from many in a given area, which offer the highest potential for viable _________ opportunities.
* __________ assessment and __________ of any particular building before search and rescue operations.
* __________ and _________ marking of a particular building.
- individually
- triage / rescue
- Hazard / marking
- Search and rescue
p 165
Initial size up:
At least two possibilities exist when emergency responders arrive:
1. ___________ may have already identified viable search or rescue opportunities for the IC.
2. There may be little or no _________________ information when the IC arrives.
- Civilians
- reconnaissance
p 166
Structural collapse USAR management and coordination-
Size up/ Operational planning:
Once the initial assessment is underway or completed, the IC must begin to identify the overall mission _____________.
objectives
p 166
At the inception of an incident, the IC must determine the immediate __________ requirements and/or _________ opportunities.
search / rescue
p 166
Determining search requirements and/or rescue opportunities:
- Input from the ___________ already on scene can assist the IC.
- If no search or rescue requirements are immediately identified, search priorities should be determined based upon victim entrapment in high probability occupancies such as _________, __________, and _______-_____________ buildings.
- Information used for identifying search requirements should consider all of these possibilities. The IC should not accept information as ______ when approached by local civilians reporting entrapped victims, but rather have a complete assessment of the overall situation verified by a _______ _________ or ____________ __________ or by personal observation.
- civilians
- schools, hospitals, and multi-residential
- fact / team leader or company officer
p 166
Incident Commanders must ask themselves: Are the ___________ committed achieving their _____________? If not, the corrective actions and revision to the __________ _________ _______ are needed.
resources / objectives / Incident Action Plan
p 167
Incident management:
Teams must be ____________ to ensure that they function in a cohesive and effective manner. Monitoring must be done to ensure that ____________ performance is adequate.
monitored / individual
p 167
Incident management:
The IC, operating at the Command Post, acts as a hub for ______________ from the members, operating in the incident area.
information
p 167
Incident management:
A communication radio channel for _________, _________, and ___________ operations is important.
tactical, command, and logistics
p 167
Incident management:
The assignment of incident personnel is based upon the ___________ ____________ plan and priorities for ________ and ________ tasks.
developed operational / search and rescue
p 167
Incident management:
The Incident Action Plan is based upon known or anticipated _________ and _________ requirements.
search and rescue
p 167
Incident management:
A structural collapse ________ ___________ report should be filled out for each work. Each report should include the following:
* Personnel assigned to that ___________
* __________ made or ___________ undertaken
* Potential __________ sites
* __________ considerations
* __________ of the site
USAR operations
- location
- Rescues / activities
- rescue
- Safety
- Drawing
p 167
Incident management:
A ______ ______ should also be maintained listing the chronological order of events and activities during the mission.
unit log
p 167
Generally, there are ______ phases of rescue operations at collapse incidents.
five
p 168
Phases of rescue operations:
Phase I: Assessment of the _________ ______.
* _______ searched for possible victims (surface/buried).
* Evaluation of the structure’s ___________.
* _________ must be evaluated and shut down for safety.
collapse area
- Area
- stability
- Utilities
p 168
Phases of rescue operations:
Phase II: Removal of all __________ victims as quickly and safely as possible.
surface
p 168
Phases of rescue operations:
Phase III: All ______ and accessible ________ searched and explored for viable victims.
- An _______ ______-_____ system can be used during this phase.
- Only trained ________ or specially trained ___________ should be used in voids / accessible space searches.
voids / spaces
- audible call-out
- canine / personnel
p 168
Phases of rescue operations:
Phase IV: Selected ________ removal (using special tools/techniques) may be necessary after locating a victim.
debris
p 168
Phases of rescue operations:
Phase V: General debris removal is usually conducted after all known victims have been ___________.
removed
p 168
One of the critical responsibilities of the tactical level management unit supervisors is determining, evaluating, and prioritizing rescue extrication of operations involving ______, ___________ victims.
live, entrapped
p 168
Evaluating rescue operations:
Anytime rescuers are working in voids or accessible openings, all work in progress _________, _________, or __________ the site should cease until rescuers and victims exit the void or opening.
above, below, or around
p 169
Evaluating rescue operations:
When on-scene rescue resources are surpassed, personnel must prioritize rescue opportunities using the following factors:
* Victim(s) __________ and __________.
* Degree of ___________ and ________ of each rescue.
* Possible ______ _________ of the rescue efforts, for example, a single rescue operation yielding the extrication of two or more victims, etc.
* __________ considerations for rescue personnel.
- viability and longevity
- difficulty and duration
- end results
- Safety
p 169
Personnel ______ and _____________ within the Medical Unit under the Logistics Section Chief is fundamental to the safe, effective, and sustained operation of incident personnel.
rest and rehabilitation
p 169
Evaluating rescue operations:
Officers must maintain a continued awareness of the detrimental effects of _________ on the effectiveness and capabilities of all personnel.
fatigue
p 169
Team and/or squad “_____ _______” (regrouping) may be required during prolonged operations to redefine responsibilities and ensure that the squad’s focus is maintained on the plan of action, management structure and safety considerations.
“pep talks”
p 169
Evaluating rescue operations:
_____________ considerations must not be overlooked during mission operations.
Hygienic
p 169
Following survey and reconnaissance of the area, efforts must be directed toward _________ operations in specific collapsed buildings.
search
p 169
Search strategy:
When concentrating efforts on a particular building, start by finding out the following information:
* Building’s ______
* Number of ____________
* Number of victims __________ and the probable __________
* Are any __________ operations currently underway
* Presence of ___________
* Structural stability of ___________ buildings
- use
- occupants
- trapped / location
- rescue
- hazards (ex. Gas and utilities, fire/explosion, electrical hazards, burst mains, plumbing and sewer disruption)
- adjoining
p 170
Victim location:
Victims found on _____ of the debris or lightly ________ should be removed first.
top / buried
p 170
Victim location:
All rescue efforts should be directed to victims who can be ______ or ________.
seen or heard
p 170
Victim location:
Rescue efforts should also be directed to reach those victims whose __________ are known even if you cannot see or hear them.
locations
p 170
The initial site assessment will point toward areas of potential voids that may have given a person who was in the area during the time of the collapse a ?
chance to survive
p 170
Victim location:
The following are typical areas that should be searched:
* ____________ or ______ ways
* Spaces under ____________ or in ___________
* ____________ and _________ locations
* Locations near ____________ or ____________
- Hallways or exit
- stairways / bathrooms
- Basement and cellar
- chimneys or fireplaces
p 170
Victim location:
The following are typical areas that should be searched:
* _______ under floors which are not entirely collapsed
* Undamaged rooms or areas whose ________ is barred
* Voids created by _________ or heavy ___________
- Voids
- egress
- furniture / machinery
p 170
The purpose of the _________ __________ Unit is to locate and identify victims and witnesses involved in structural collapse incidents in order to assist in search and rescue operations.
Victim Locator Unit
p 171
The Victim Locator Unit is normally assigned to the ___________ Section, and information gained needs to be shared with the _________ Group.
Planning Section / Search Group
p 171
Victim Locator Unit- This unit is normally commanded by a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ as the Unit Leader and staffed by the following personnel: * Two \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Unit / Fire \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ * One \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Supervisor * Two \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Officers
company officer
- Arson / Investigators
- Paramedic
- Police
p 171
Victim Locator Unit members will interview victims, witness, and persons with _____________ of the structure to determine the location of all occupants or other persons who could be trapped or injured.
knowledge
p 171
Victim Locator Unit:
Information regarding victims shall be ____________, including _________ of the site if possible.
documented / diagrams
p 171
Victim Locator Unit:
At significant incidents, _____________ _____________ _________ technology can be used to map the location of potential victims.
geographical information system (GIS)
p 171
Tactical Operations:
In terms of the type of construction and occupancy of the building and the number of potential victims, those that present the highest likelihood of ____________ would receive attention first.
survivability
p 171
Tactical Operations:
Occupancies such as __________, __________, _________ homes, ______-______ and ______-_______ residential buildings and _______ buildings would be searched first.
schools, hospitals, nursing homes, high-rise and multi-story residential and office buildings
p 171
Tactical Operations: Search strategies may include- * Physical \_\_\_\_\_\_ search * Use of electronic \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ or \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ devices * Search \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
- void
- visual or listening
- dogs
p 171
Large Scale Search Priorities:
Two general strategies-
* The first would be to _________ the area in question, usually into geographic divisions by city block or other easily defined criteria.
* The second method is to determine the search priorities in terms of the type of _____________ affected.
- divide
- occupancies
p 172
A full Search and Recon Team should be staffed with how many people?
ten people
p 172
Search and Recon Team:
The location of viable victims is denoted by marking the exact location with ?
International orange spray paint or orange surveyors tape
p 173
Search and Recon Team:
Hazard zones should be conspicuously cordoned off with ?
surveyors tape or fire line tape
p 173
__________ personnel may be required to assist canine and technical search personnel with search and recon activities.
Rescue
p 174
In all cases, personnel conducting search operations should _________ the general features of the structure/area being searched, noting any significant information on the ________ for future reference.
sketch / sketch
p 174
As rescue opportunities are identified, it is important that rescue personnel adhere to a consistent, formalized ______-_____________ procedure to ensure the safe, effective operation of the rescue squads.
site-management
p 174
_______-_____ actions and ______-_________ activities should occur simultaneously.
Size-up / site-control
p 174
Complete size-up and site-control activities before ?
rescue operations begin
p 175
What is the single most important consideration during the rescue operation?
safety of the incident personnel
p 176
_________ and __________ identification issues must be addressed in the briefings conducted prior to any operations.
Safety and hazard
p 177
Emergency signaling:
- Three short blasts ( 1 second each ) signals ?
- One long blast ( 3 seconds ) signals ?
- One long and one short blast signals ?
- Evacuate the Area
- Cease Operations/All Quiet
- Resume Operations
p 177
In many instances, the _______ search can usually provide the most rapid assessment of a work site area.
canine
p 177
The ___________ ________, ___________, and ____________ System is designed to help identify, select, and prioritize the buildings with the highest probability of success with respect to finding and rescuing live victims.
Structure Traige, Assessment, and Marking System
p 178
Structure Triage:
- If a large area or many buildings are involved, triage can be performed by ?
- There may be some buildings that have significant hazards that will not allow rescue operations to proceed until the ?
- Triage assessments are based upon value judgements that are made with ?
- performed by two or more structure triage teams
- hazards are mitigated. “NO GO” assessments
- rapidly obtained information
p 178
A structure triage team should be comprised of:
- One _____________ Specialist
- One __________ ____________ Specialist
- Structural
- Hazardous Materials
p 178
Structure Triage:
- Triage criteria should be reevaluated after the initial search, in light of ?
- ____________ ____________ may or may not occur during the initial structure triage phase.
- live victim locations
- Structure marking
p 179
Rescue site communications:
All personnel should be provided with a ?
portable radio
p 179
Rescue site communications:
The incident should be assigned one operational __________ channel for Command Officer communications and separate __________ channels for each rescue work site established.
command / tactical
p 179
Outside Resources Request/Liaison
The IC may request this assistance through appropriate channels to the jurisdiction’s _________ _______ or the incident _________ Officer if resources are on scene.
dispatch center / Liaison
p 179
It is essential that every possible search method be employed to enable incident supervisors to locate viable victims before committing ?
rescue resources to any prolonged, although well-intentioned operation
p 179
Tactical considerations:
An important consideration in the mid to latter stages of a mission is the need to reassess previously ?
searched structures or areas
p 180
Tactical considerations:
The officer assigned the responsibility of search/rescue operations should remind all members involved in the search or rescue operations that they shall not eat anything until they have ?
It shall be assumed that the work area is _______________.
washed their hands and face
contaminated
p 180
