section III Flashcards

1
Q

Lysosomes

A

digestive organelles, breaking down a variety of macromolecules

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2
Q

lumen contains hydrolases

A

enzyme that break down the macromolecules and function only at low pH

Lumen acidity ph5.5, maintained by ATPases that pumps hydrogen against its concentration gradient into the lysosomes

breakdown products for anabolic processes

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3
Q

mitochondria

A

energy generators of the cell, producing the majority of ATP required for cellular process
outer and inner membrane , inner membrane impermeable and contains invaginations refers to as cristae
space inside is call mitochondrial matrix

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4
Q

inside mitochondria

A

enzymes comprising the electron transport chain, ATP synthase are located inside cristae

enzymes for fuel oxidation (tricarboxylic acid cyle, and beta-oxidation) located inside matrix

Proteins for ETC sit in the inner membrane of the mitochondria

DNA that encode severe ETC proteins

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5
Q

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

contains enzymes for synthesis of lipids
site of drug and boxing metabolism
storage of glycogen

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6
Q

Rough Endoplasmic reticulum

A

ribosomes are located on the outer surface
major ice of cellular protein synthesis from mRNAs
sorting of newly-synthesized proteins
translation modification such as N-linked glycosylation

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7
Q

golgi complex

A

membranous orgnalle involved in sorting and distribution of proteins and lipids synthesized in the ER

vesicles with lipids or proteins synthesized in the ER fuse with the golgi apparatus

proteins and lipids are sorted and packaged into vesicles with different fates and function. lysomes and secretary vesicles are produced in the golgi

proteins are post-translationally modified in the Golgi, especially modifications with sugar

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8
Q

cellular cytoskeleton

A

structure and shape of the cell as well as the arrangement of the sub cellular organelles and movement of vesicles

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9
Q

microtubules

A

cylindrical tubules made of tubular subunits. They position organelles in the cytoplasm and are critical for movement of cellular vesicles
form mitotic spindles

formation is the target of several cancer therapeutics,…

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10
Q

actin filament

A

made up of actin submits. control cell shape and cell movement (division, contractions, engulfment, and any wholesale movement of cells involved in normal organ fucnito nor organismal development

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11
Q

intermediate filaments

A

different types are made up fo distinct fibrous proteins . the provide structural support for the plasma and nuclear membrane. provide stability to cells under conditions of mechanical force

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12
Q

nucleus

A

house genetic material and is the largest of the subcellular organelles

double lipid bilayer membrane (nuclear envelope) with special pore for structure entry and exit for protein and RNA

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13
Q

Nucleolus

A

inside the nucleus. does not have a membrane and consists of an aggregation of genes encoding ribosomal RNA and proteins that regulate them. ribosomal subunits (40s and 60s) are also assemble in the nucleolus

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14
Q

heterochromatin

A

tightly compacted chromatin

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15
Q

euchromatin

A

loosely compacted chromatin-location of transcribed genes

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