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A/ H Chemistry: Unit 2 > Section G > Flashcards

Section G Flashcards

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1
Q

What does a primary alcohol oxidise to give?

A

Aldehyde

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2
Q

What does an aldehyde oxidise to give?

A

Carboxylic acid

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3
Q

What does a secondary alcohol oxidise to give?

A

Ketone

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4
Q

Name two oxidising agents that oxidise primary and secondary alcohols

A
  • hot copper (II) oxide

- acidified dichromate

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5
Q

How does the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols work?

A

A carbon hydrogen bond is broken and a hydrogen atom it lost

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6
Q

Explain oxidation of tertiary alcohols?

A

They cannot be oxidised because the carbon that the hydroxyl group is attached to is not bonded to any hydrogen atoms

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7
Q

How does the oxygen to hydrogen ratio change in oxidation and reduction?

A

Oxidation-increases

Reduction-decreases

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8
Q

What two reagents can be used to oxidise aldehydes and ketones but is not strong enough to oxidise primary and secondary alcohols?

A

Fehlings and tollens

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9
Q

What is an aldehyde?

A

A compound where the carbonyl group is on the end of a carbon chain

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10
Q

What is a ketone?

A

A compound where the carbonyl group is not in the end of a carbon chain

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11
Q

How do you name an aldehyde?

A

The suffix ‘ane’ is replaced with ‘al’

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12
Q

How do you name a ketone?

A

Suffix ‘ane’ is replaced with ‘one’

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13
Q

How are aldehydes and ketones related to each other?

A

They are isomers

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14
Q

How can fehlings and tollens be used?

A

To distinguish between aldehydes and ketones

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15
Q

How do oxidising agents effect aldehydes and ketones?

A

Aldehydes oxidise and ketones don’t

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16
Q

How does acidified dichromate effect aldehydes and ketones?

A

Aldehydes- solution changes from orange to green

Ketones- solution remains orange

17
Q

How does fehlings test effect aldehydes and ketones?

A

Aldehydes- solution changes from blue to brick red precipitate
Ketones- solution remains blue

18
Q

How does tollens test effect aldehydes and ketones?

A

Aldehydes- silver mirror forms

Ketones- no solver mirror forms

19
Q

Why can aldehydes be oxidised?

A

There is a hydrogen bonded to the carbonyl carbon and this carbon-hydrogen bond can be broken and a new bond to the oxygen of the ‘OH’ group can form

20
Q

Why can’t ketones be oxidised?

A

They don’t have a hydrogen bonded to the carbonyl carbon which means carbon-carbon bond would have to be broken

21
Q

What happens when food reacts with the oxygen in the air?

A

They oxidise and become rancid

22
Q

What is an antioxidant?

A

A reducing agent that oxidises easily so prevents other substances in the food from being oxidised

23
Q

How do you identify the antioxidant in an equation?

A

Find the reducing agent

A/ H Chemistry: Unit 2 (9 decks)

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