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A/ H Chemistry: Unit 2 > Section F > Flashcards

Section F Flashcards

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1
Q

What are two functions of amino acids?

A
  • Major structural material e.g. muscle, skin

* Maintenance- enzymes, hormones, haemoglobin

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2
Q

What compound are proteins made of?

A

Amino acids

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3
Q

What two functional groups are in amino acids?

A

Carboxylic acid and amine group

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4
Q

What link is formed when amino acids join together?

A

Peptide link or amide link

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5
Q

What does a peptide link look like?

A

C=O
|
N-H

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6
Q

What reaction occurs when amino acids are joined together?

A

Condensation reaction

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7
Q

What happens to the structural formula when the mink acids react together?

A

The NH2 on one amino acid joins to the COOH on the other amino acid and a water is lost when the peptide link is formed

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8
Q

How are different proteins made?

A

Amino acids are joined in a different order or different amino acids are used

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9
Q

How is the body supplied with the amino acids it needs?

A

It makes some itself but those it can’t make it gets from protein foods

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10
Q

What is an essential amino acid?

A

The amino acids the body needs but cannot make

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11
Q

What happens to proteins during digestion?

A

Proteins are hydrolysed to form amino acids that are used by the body

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12
Q

What reaction occurs during digestion?

A

Hydrolysis of proteins

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13
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

Proteins that act as biological catalysts

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14
Q

What role do enzymes play in digestion?

A

They catalyse the hydrolysis of proteins

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15
Q

What three shapes can a protein form?

A
  • wind round to form complex shapes
  • fold to form sheets
  • twist to form spirals
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16
Q

What holds a long chain protein together in particular shapes?

A

Hydrogen bonds that form between the hydrogen of one amide link and the oxygen of another amide link
Or intermolecular bonds can also form between the side chains of the amino acids that make up the protein

17
Q

What causes a protein to be denatured?

A

Temperature and pH

18
Q

What structural change occurs when a protein is denatured?

A

It changes shape

19
Q

How does denaturing change food?

A

Cooking proteins breaks the intermolecular bonds/hydrogen bonds that hold the protein molecule in a particular shape which denatured the proteins and this changes both the texture and appearance of the protein

A/ H Chemistry: Unit 2 (9 decks)

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