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2017 Update > Section C > Flashcards

Section C Flashcards

1
Q

What is the lack circular aperture in the center of the iris?

A

Pupil

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2
Q

What is a system of muscles, tendons,and ligaments,in the horses body and legs that allows the horse to sleep while standing up?

A

Stay apparatus

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3
Q

What is the bulge on the head of an Arabian called?

A

Jibbah

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4
Q

What is the pigmented membrane of the eye situated weekend the cornea and the lens?

A

Iris

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5
Q

What muscular membranous chamber is common to both the digestive and respiratory tract?

A

Pharynx

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6
Q

During swallowing the myohyoid and hyoglossus muscles raise what part of the mouth against the hard palate?

A

Tongue

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7
Q

During ingestion what change in the pharynx forces feed into the esophagus?

A

Increase in pressure

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8
Q

What are the two blood vessels of the liver?

A

Portal vein and hepatic artery

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9
Q

Which one of the hepatic blood vessels, hepatic artery or portal vein, supplies the oxygen to the liver cell?

A

Hepatic artery

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10
Q

Insulin and glucagon are the hormone secreted by what gland?

A

Pancreas

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11
Q

What part of the horse is located at the middle of the shoulder joint?

A

Point of shoulder

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12
Q

The modern horse walks on his third digit, which is comparable to what part of the human body?

A

The middle finger

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13
Q

What six main parts of the horses for like make up the area of the horse known as the manus?

A

Carpus/knee, metacarpus/cannon, fetlock/ankle, pastern, coronet, hoof

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14
Q

What six main parts of the horses hind leg make up the area of the horse known as the pes?

A

Tarsis/hock, metatarsus/cannon, fetlock/ankle, pastern, coronet, hood

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15
Q

What are the two scientific terms indicating locations of body parts toward the back or the belly?

A

Dorsal indicates back and ventral indicates belly

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16
Q

What directional term describes relative locations of parts of the horse which are located near the back?

A

Dorsal

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17
Q

What directional term describes relative locations of parts of the horse which are located near the belly?

A

Ventral

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18
Q

What directional term describes the relative location of parts of the horse that are located closer to the horses cranium?

A

Cranial

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19
Q

What directional term describes the relative location of parts of the horse that are located closer to the horses tail?

A

Caudal

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20
Q

What is the scientific term for the horses skull case?

A

Cranium

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21
Q

What is the scientific term for the horses tail?

A

Cauda equina

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22
Q

What directional term describes the relative location of parts of the horses head which are closer to the nose?

A

Rostral

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23
Q

What is the scientific term for the horses nose?

A

Rostrum

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24
Q

What directional term describes the relative location of parts a horses leg which indicates a location towards the attached end of the limb?

A

Proximal

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25
Q

What directional term describes the relative location of parts of the horses leg which indicates a location towards the free end of the limb?

A

Distal

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26
Q

The axis represents the center of a horses limb. What directional term describes the structure which is located away from the axis?

A

Abaxial

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27
Q

The axis represents the center of a horses limb. What directional term describes the structure which is located towards the axis?

A

Axial

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28
Q

What directional term describes an imaginary line which divides the body into right and left halves?

A

Median plane

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29
Q

What directional term describes structures closer to the median plane?

A

Medial

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30
Q

What directional term describes structures which light away from the median plane?

A

Lateral

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31
Q

What directional term describes a plane which passes through the head, trunk for lamb perpendicular to the parts long axis?

A

Transverse plane

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32
Q

Directional term describes a plane which passes through a body part parallel to it’s dorsal surface?

A

Dorsal plane

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33
Q

What term describes the hairs that protrude from the skin around the horses eyelids, nostrils, and lips?

A

Tactile or feeling hairs

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34
Q

What is the term for the sheath covering the penis?

A

Prepuce

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35
Q

Name the structures which are located proximal to the carpus on the front likes, and distal to the hock on the hind leg, and are used to help identify horses.

A

Chestnuts or night eyes

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36
Q

What structures can be found by parting the hairs on the Palmer on the forelimb or plantar on the hind limb surface of the fetlock?

A

Ergot

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37
Q

What structures are believed to be vestiges of the carpal and tarsal pads of carnivores?

A

Chestnut or night eyes

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38
Q

Ergots are considered to be vestiges of what structures?

A

Metacarpal and metatarsal pads

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39
Q

What substance creates color in horses hoof?

A

Pigment

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40
Q

What is the body’s largest organ?

A

Skin

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41
Q

What part of the mares anatomy consists of mammary glands and highly developed and modified apocrine tubular gland’s?

A

Udder

42
Q

What five parts of the top line lie between the poll and the tail head?

A

Crest, withers, back, loin, croup

43
Q

On the horses skull, sutures are fibrous joints that ossify with what?

A

Age

44
Q

The upper incisor teeth are located in what bone?

A

Incisive bones

45
Q

What structure divides the nasal cavity into halves?

A

Nasal septum

46
Q

Name the structure that supports the guttural pouches, pharynx, larynx, and the root of the tongue

A

Hyoid apparatus

47
Q

The lacrimal gland secretes what substance?

A

Tears

48
Q

A blocked nasal lacrimal duct causes overflow of what substance?

A

Tears

49
Q

List four locations where saliva enters the oral cavity

A

Parotid duct, buccal glands, mandibular duct, sublingual gland

50
Q

In a mare what teeth are absent or rudimentary?

A

Canine teeth

51
Q

What is a wolf tooth?

A

A small inconstant first upper pre-molar

52
Q

What is usually done when a horse has a wolf tooth?

A

It is removed

53
Q

What term describes deciduous teeth that remain attached to erupted permanent teeth?

A

Caps

54
Q

Of the central enamel, layer of cement covers the crown and fills in what part of the tooth?

A

Infundibulum

55
Q

In the early infundibulum there’s a dark cavity called what?

A

Cup

56
Q

Sharp edges that develop on the buccal side of the upper cheek teeth and the lingual side of the lowers is called what?

A

Points

57
Q

Sharp points on molars can cut the cheek or tongue and have to be cut off which is called what?

A

Floated or filed down

58
Q

The lateral profile angle of incisors becomes more acute as the horse does what?

A

Ages

59
Q

Yellowish bone marrow primarily consists of what cells?

A

Fat cells

60
Q

In the horse, this is the largest gland.

A

Liver

61
Q

Name the structure that may be visible on the left side of the neck during swallowing

A

Esophagus

62
Q

With the exception of the atlas and axis joints or the vertebrae joined together?

A

By discs of cartilage

63
Q

What is the common cause of wobbler syndrome and most prevalent in which two breeds?

A

Malformation of the cervical vertebrae mostly males and prevalent in thoroughbreds and quarter horses

64
Q

What is another name for the proximal middle and distal phalanges

A

First second and third phalanx

65
Q

What is the term for the wings on the atlas and sacrum?

A

Transverse processes

66
Q

The atlantooccipital joint is more commonly known by what term?

A

Atlas joint

67
Q

The horse has 18 pairs of ribs. How many pairs articulate with the sternum?

A

8

68
Q

What does the term floating ribs refer to?

A

The false ribs of the horse that are not connected to the sternum and lack costal cartilage

69
Q

What do true ribs articulate with?

A

Sternum

70
Q

What is another name for false ribs?

A

Asternal ribs

71
Q

Name the four shapes the bones are classified as

A

Long, short, flat, or irregular

72
Q

What is the production source of most blood cells?

A

Red marrow

73
Q

What is the vessel Rich, bone producing membrane that covers the bone?

A

Periosteum

74
Q

What articulates with both the middle and distal phalanges?

A

Navicular bone

75
Q

Which two bones serve as pulleys that change the direction of the deep digital flexor tendon?

A

Proximal and distal sesamoid bones

76
Q

Which leg bones are deeply imbedded in and supported by ligaments but are still prone to fractures?

A

Proximal sesamoid bones

77
Q

What is the name of the hyaline cartilage that grows and ossifies, increasing a bones length?

A

Growth plate

78
Q

Give an example of a spheroidal joint

A

Hip joint

79
Q

Give an example of a ginglymus joint

A

Elbow joint

80
Q

What is another name for the metacarpal phalangeal joint

A

Fetlock joint

81
Q

What is another name for the distal interphalangeal joint

A

Coffin joint

82
Q

What is another name for the proximal interphalangeus joint

A

Pastern joint

83
Q

What is the function of the superficial digital flexor tendon?

A

To resist downward motion

84
Q

Stabilization of the joints of the fore limb by ligaments and tendons by the stay apparatus allows the horse to do what

A

Sleep while standing

85
Q

The suspensory ligament, the proximal sesamoid bones, and the three distal prevent overextension of what joint?

A

Fetlock joint

86
Q

With what does the dermal laminae interlock?

A

Epidermal laminae

87
Q

The navicular bursa acts as a cushion between what two structures?

A

Navicular bone and the deep digital flexor tendon

88
Q

Name the five bones of the pelvic girdle

A

Ilium, pubis, ischium, sacrum, caudal vertebrae

89
Q

Name the four bones of the thigh and leg

A

Femur, patella, tibia, fibula

90
Q

What joint is made up of the femoropatellar joint and the femorobiial joint?

A

Stifle joint

91
Q

Describe the difference in functions of insulin and glucagon in horses body

A

Insulin decreases blood sugar and glucagon mobilizes the blood sugar

92
Q

What causes the horses gut sounds?

A

Propulsion of gas and fluid through the large intestine

93
Q

A trocar can be used to allow gas to escape from witch distended part of the large intestine?

A

Cecum

94
Q

What is the purpose of the subcutis layer of the horses skin?

A

Attaches the skin to the underlying structures

95
Q

What term refers to the halie cellular tissue with flat, horny surface cells, and contains the hair follicle?

A

Epidermis

96
Q

Which layer of skin contains the hair follicle?

A

Epidermis

97
Q

Which layer of the skin is constructed of loose, connective tissue containing deposits of fat and attaches the skin to underlying structures?

A

Subcutis

98
Q

What two types of skin glands empty into the hair follicles?

A

Sebaceous oil glands and apocrine tubular sweat glands

99
Q

What substance is secreted by the sebaceous glands?

A

Sebum

Oil not acceptable

100
Q

What substance is secreted by the apocrine tubular glands?

A

Sweat

101
Q

What are two ways to increase hoof moisture content?

A

exercise; coronary band massage

2017 Update (11 decks)

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