Section B Flashcards
What time do most mares foal ?
Between 11- pm and 4 am
What is the physical makeup and visible traits of an animal?
Phenotype
What is the term for a group of brain disorders found in foals which usually appear within the first day of a foals life?
Neonatal maladjustment syndrome
The labia and clitoris make up what part of the mares reproductive system
Vulva
What would be the term used when a mare opens and closes the labia quickly with elevation of the clitoris during estrus?
Winking
Endometritis is inflammation of which part of the mares reproductive system
Endometrium or lining of the uterus
What hormone is responsible for stimulating the maturation of a developing ovarian follicle into a Graffian follicle?
FSH
What is the term for the union of the stallions spermatozoa with the mares ovum?
Fertilization
When does waxing of the mares teats occur?
Usually 48 hours before paturition
Describe the position of the foal when it is in the dorsso pelvic position in the first stage of labor
The foa is upside down
There are how many stages of Parturition?
3
What is the term for the birthing process?
Parturition
During parturition describe the foals positions during each of the following events: when the strongest contractions occur, and when most of the straining stops
Strongest contractions occur when the head and shoulders are forced through the pelvic cavity
straining stops when hips clear the vagina
Which contagious disease is caused by bacteria isolated in the sinuses of the clitoral gland?
Contagious equine metritis
What is the term for the release of an egg cell?
Ovulation
Describe the term seasonally polyestrous
Animal having several estrous cycle’s during a breeding season
Gonadotropin releasing hormone causes which hormone to be secreted by the pituitary gland?
FSH
Which hormone prepares the mares reproductive tract for mating and fertilization?
Estrogen
The fetuses urachus extends the fetal bladder to which part of the placenta?
Allantoic cavity
What muscles act to pull the stallions penis into the prepuce?
Retractor muscles
What is the term for the cheesy smegma and dead cells that fill the urethral sinus of the male?
Bean
What general type of muscles are used to move the ova through the uterus to the end of the uterine horn?
Smooth muscles
The ovarian artery arises directly from the aorta and divides into what two branches?
Ovarian and uterine branches
Define the term, postpartum.
Occurring after giving birth
What is the term for delivery of a dead foal 300 or more days after conception?
Stillbirth
What is the correct term for a characteristic that appears only when both members of a pair genes are the same and is the opposite of dominant?
Recessive
What is the automatic suckling when a finger or nipple is placed in a newborn foal’s mouth?
Suckle reflex (suck reflex)
What is the period of rapid follicle growth in the estrous cycle just prior to “heat” or estrus?
Proestrus
What is the large, brown, irregularity shaped, rubbery mass found in the allantoic fluid and is passed with the foal at birth?
Hippomane
What term describes the ability to pass outstanding characteristics to offspring?
Prepotency
What is a sudden variation that is later passed on through inheritance and results from changes in a gene or genes?
Mutation
What is a scientific name for a mature sex cell?
Gamete
Describe what is meant by the phrase, “the mare threw a colt”.
Mare gave birth to a male foal
A gene characteristic that produces only one kind of gamete is called?
Homozygous dominant
What is a commercial substance used in a place of a mare’s milk to raise a foal?
Milk replacer
What term is given to a mare that cycles continuously throughout the breeding season in absence of conception?
Polyestrus
Name the 3 different glands located along the urethra of the male horse that produce fluids to nourish and preserve the sperm.
Prostate gland, coppers gland (bulbourethral gland) and seminal vesicles
What is another name for an Entire?
Stallion
What term describes the fertilization of the egg and the very beginning stage of growth of the embryo inside the mare called?
Conception
What is the dominant gene that determines whether a horse will be a trotter or pacer?
Trotting gene
What is an inflammation of a joint due to the presence of bacteria or related infective agents and is usually found in newborn foals?
Joint ill (naval ill)
What is a period of sexual inactivity in the mare where there is absence of observable heat due to season, pregnancy, or other physical and psychological causes?
Anestrus
What type of selection is based on a combination of the merits of the individual and the average merits of his ancestry?
Pedigree breeding
What is neonate?
Newborn foal
What is the genetic defect that causes premature death in the fetus or newborn foal with a genotype of WW and is associated with Paints and Pintos?
Lethal white
What is the leg restraint used on mares being bred to keep them from kicking and injuring the stallion?
Breeding hobbles
What is a relatively common condition in which urine drips from the stump of the naval and the flow increases when the foal strains to urinate?
Patent Urachus
What does the term hemospermia mean?
The presence of blood in the sperm
What is the single most common cause of female infertility where there is air present in the vagina that often leads to infections?
Pneumovagina (wind sucking)
What is the produce of a dam?
Offspring of a female horse
What is the term for delivery in which the fetus’ rump or hind feet are presented first in the birth canal?
Breech birth
What is the colorless liquid surrounding the fetus that contains acids, salts, cells and mucus?
Amniotic fluid
What the hymen?
Fold of mucous membrane that partially or completely covers the opening of the vagina
What follicle stimulating hormone may be detected in a blood test after 45 days of pregnancy and is derived from pregnant mare’s blood serum or urine?
PMSG (pregnant mares serum gonadotropin)
What is the term for a foal that is being raised without his dam?
Orphan foal
What is agalactia?
Inability of the mare to produce milk
What is an inherited genetic condition that rarely causes the death of a horse after birth, but can have such an effect on the horse that it can restrict either its potential use or reduce the length of its life?
Partial lethal
What is copulation?
Sexual intercourse
What is a putty like mass of s e.g. a that collects in the urethral diverticulum of the penis?
Bean
What is the term for when part of the entire placenta has not passed after parturition?
Retained placenta
What is a bacterial infection of a mammary gland; causes swelling, pain and infected milk?
Mastitis
What test is used to help determine the parents of any particular horse by examining the red blood cells?
Blood typing
What is breeding 2 related individuals usually at least 2 or 3 generations removed to intensify the inheritance from a particular ancestor?
Line breeding
What is an inflammation of the vagina marked by pain and a purulent discharge?
Vaginitis
What is the grand dam of a horse?
The grandmother of a horse
What term describes the result of crossing two different species such as a mule or hinny?
Hybrid
What is the term for neutering a male horse?
Castration
What is the lining of the uterus called?
Endometrium
What is the short period of the estrous cycle between metestrus and proestrus that lasts about 14-15 days?
Diestrus
The progeny of a stallion is known as what?
Get
What is the later stage of individual development within the uterus which follows the embryo stage?
Fetus
What is the breeding of closely related animals usually done to bring out specific desirable traits?
Inbreeding
What are the 2 stages of development of an individual within the uterus?
Embryo and fetus
What is the term for a mares inability to produce milk such as when a mare grazes on fescue pasture during pregnancy ?
Agalactia
