Section C - 12. 8, 9, 10, 11

Question 1

The aorta and other systemic arteries have ___ walls containing ___ quantities of ___ tissue

Answer 1

thick, large, elastic

Question 2

Compliance =

Answer 2

= DeltaVolume/DeltaPressure

Question 3

Max arterial pressure reached during peak ventricular ejection is called ___

Answer 3

Systolic pressure (SP)

Question 4

Minimal arterial pressure, just before ventricular ejection begins, called ___

Answer 4

Diastolic pressure (DP)

Question 5

Pressure over time graph

Answer 5

Diastolic pressure –> systolic pressure –> aortic valve closure –> mean pressure

Question 6

Pulse pressure

Answer 6

the difference between SP and DP

Question 7

MAP formula

Answer 7

Diastolic pressure plus one third of the pulse pressure

Question 8

___ ___ can be heard through a stethoscope when high velocity blood flow is turbulent and creates vibrations

Answer 8

Korotkoff’s sounds

Question 9

Functions of arterioles

Answer 9

1. responsible for determining the relative blood flows to organs at any given MAP, 2. major factor in determining MAP itself

Question 10

Flow through any organ. =

Answer 10

Forgan = (MAP - Venous pressure)/Resistanceorgan

Question 11

Spontaneous contractile activity in arteriolar smooth muscle

Answer 11

intrinsic tone

Question 12

Hyperemia

Answer 12

increased blood flow

Question 13

Active hyperemia

Answer 13

Incr blood flow during incr metabolic activity, the direct result of arteriolar dilation in the more active organ/tissue

Question 14

Nitric oxide

Answer 14

gas released by endothelial cells, which acts on the immediately adjacent vascular smooth muscle

Question 15

Flow autoregulation

Answer 15

Change in resistance is in the direction of maintaining blood flow nearly constant despite the pressure change

Question 16

Myogenic responses

Answer 16

direct responses of arteriolar smooth muscle to stretch

Question 17

Reactive hyperemia

Answer 17

when an organ/tissue has had its blood supply occluded, and a transient increase in its blood flow occurs if flow is reestablished (ex: taking off tight bandaid)

Question 18

Neurons release ___ which binds to ___ receptors on the vascular smooth muscle to cause ___

Answer 18

norepinephrine, a-adrenergic, vasoconstriction

Question 19

The majority receive parasympathetic or sympathetic input?

Answer 19

sympathetic

Question 20

the hormone ___ constricts most arterioles

Answer 20

angiotensin II

Question 21

___ is released into the blood by the posterior pituitary in response to a decrease in blood pressure, and causes arteriolar constriction

Answer 21

Vasopressin

Question 22

the hormone secreted by the cardiac atria, ___ ___ ___, is a vasodilator

Answer 22

atrial natriuretic peptide

Question 23

___ ___ is a ___ vasodilator secreted by endothelial cells

Answer 23

nitric oxide, paracrine

Question 24

at any given moment, _% of total circulating blood is flowing through capillaries

Answer 24

5%

Question 25

the typical capillary is a thin walled tube of ___ cells one layer thick resting on a ___ ___, without any surrounding ___ ___ or ___ ___

Answer 25

endothelial, basement membrane, smooth muscle, elastic tissue

Question 26

the flat cells in the endothelial walls of a capillary are separated by water filled spaced called ___ ___

Answer 26

intercellular clefts

Question 27

endocytotic and exocytotic vesicles fuse to form ___ ___

Answer 27

fused vesicle channels

Question 28

vasodilation of the arterioles supplying the capillaries cases ___ capillary flow

Answer 28

increased

Question 29

___ connect arterioles to venules

Answer 29

metarterioles

Question 30

the site at which a capillary exits from a metarteriole is surrounded by the ___ ___

Answer 30

precapillary sphincter

Question 31

three mechanisms allowing substances to move between the interstitial fluid and plasma

Answer 31

diffusion, vesicle transport, bulk flow

Question 32

blood flows from ___, into ___ and then into ___

Answer 32

capillaries, venules, veins

Question 33

determinants of venous pressure

Answer 33

volume of fluid, compliance of walls

Question 34

the walls of the veins contain ___muscle innervated by ___ neurons

Answer 34

smooth, sympathetic

Question 35

arteriolar constriction ___ forward flow through the ___ circuit, and constriction of veins ___ forward flow

Answer 35

decreases, systemic, increases

Question 36

two mechanisms, in addition to contraction of venous smooth muscle, increase venous pressure and facilitate venous return..

Answer 36

skeletal muscle pump, respiratory pump