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KIN 132 CV Exam > Module A - 12.1, 12.2 > Flashcards

Module A - 12.1, 12.2 Flashcards

1
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Red blood cells

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2
Q

Leukocytes

A

White blood cells

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3
Q

Erythrocyte function

A

Carry oxygen to tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues

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4
Q

Leukocyte function

A

Protect against infection, cancer, platelets function in blood clotting

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5
Q

Hematocrit

A

% of blood volume that is erythrocytes

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6
Q

Groups of plasma proteins (3)

A

Albumins, globulins, fibrinogen

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7
Q

Serum

A

Plasma w/ fibrinogen

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8
Q

All blood cells are descendent from a single population of cells called _____ _____ _____ _____

A

Multipotent hematopoietic stem cells

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9
Q

Oxygen and carbon dioxide reversibly combine with _____

A

Hemoglobin

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10
Q

Site of erythrocyte production

A

Red bone marrow

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11
Q

Reticulocyte

A

Ribosomes contained by young erythrocytes, producing a reticular appearance when treated w special stains

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12
Q

Major breakdown product of hemoglobin

A

Bilirubin

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13
Q

Lifespan of erythrocyte

A

120 days

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14
Q

Element to which oxygen binds on a hemoglobin molecule within an erythrocyte

A

Iron

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15
Q

Excess of iron

A

Hemochromatosis

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16
Q

Iron is bound up in a protein called ___

A

Ferritin

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17
Q

About __% of the total body iron is in hemoglobin, __% heme containing proteins and __% ferritin

A

50, 25, 25

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18
Q

Old erythrocytes are destroyed and the iron is bound to ___

A

Transferring

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19
Q

Absorption of B12 requires a protein called ___ ____

A

intrinsic factor

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20
Q

Erythrocyte production is called ____

A

Erythropoiesis

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21
Q

Erythrocyte production is exerted by a hormone called ____

A

Erythropoietin

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22
Q

EPO acts on the ____ _____

A

Bone marrow

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23
Q

Scenarios with higher EPO secretion

A

Insufficient pumping of blood by heart, lung disease, anemia, prolonged exercise, high altitude

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24
Q

Increase in EPO secretion results increased…

A

EPO secretion, plasma EPO concentration, erythrocyte production, oxygen carrying capacity of the blood

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25
Higher hematocrit in men is due to..
Testosterone stimulates the release of EPO
26
Condition in which there are more erythrocytes than normal
Polycythemia
27
Increased hematocrit leads to..
Increased viscosity of blood
28
___ are phagocytes and the most abundant leukocytes
Neutrophils
29
___ are found in the blood and the mucosal surfaces lining the gastrointestinal, respiratory and urinary tracts
Eosinophils
30
____ are phagocytes that circulate in the blood and then migrate into tissues and turn into macrophages
Monocytes
31
___ are strategically located where they will encounter invaders, and are capable of engulfing viruses and bacteria
Macrophages
32
___ secrete an anticlotting factors called heparin at the site of an infection, which helps circulation flush
Basophils
33
____ protect against pathogens, and are composed of T and B lymphocytes
Lymphocytes
34
Platelets are produced when ____, cytoplasmic portions of large bone marrow cells, pinch off and enter the circulation
Megakaryocytes
35
Nutrients and metabolic end products move between capillary blood and interstitial fluid by ___
diffusion
36
Two circulation systems , both originating and terminating in the heart
Systemic and pulmonary
37
Upper and lower chambers of the heart are called..
Atrium, ventricle
38
The ___ on each side of the heart empties into the ___ on that side
Atrium, Ventricle
39
The ___ circulation incl. blood pumped from right ventricle --> lungs --> left atrium
Pulmonary
40
The ___ circulation inc. blood pumped from the left ventricles --> all organs except lungs --> right atrium
Systemic
41
Vessels carrying blood away from heart
Arteries
42
Vessels carrying blood from organs/tissues back to heart
Veins
43
In the systemic circuit, blood leaves the left ventricle via the ____
Aorta
44
The arteries of the systemic circulation branch off into progressively smaller vessels
Arterioles --> capillaries
45
Microcirculation consists of;
Arterioles, capillaries, venules
46
The ___ ___ ___ collects blood from below the heart
inferior vena cava
47
The ___ ___ ___ collects blood from above the heart
Superior vena cava
48
Blood leaves the right ventricle via the ___ ___
Pulmonary trunk
49
The pulmonary trunk divides into the two ___ ____
Pulmonary arteries
50
In the lungs, the ___ continue to branch and connect to ____, leading to _____ that unite into ____ and then ____
Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins
51
The blood leaves the lungs via four ___ ____, which empty into the left atrium
pulmonary veins
52
Why does the blood in the pulmonary veins contain high oxygen levels?
As blood flows through lung capillaries, it pucks up oxygen supplied to the lungs by breathing
53
Blood can only be passed from the systemic veins to systemic arteries by first being pumped through the ___
Lungs
54
The blood returning from the body's peripheral organs and tissues via the ___ veins is oxygenated before it is pumped back to them
Systemic
55
The lungs receive all the blood pumped by the ___ side of the heart
Right
56
The pressure exerted by any fluid
Hydrostatic pressure
57
Flow rate is directly proportional to the ___ ___ between two points and inversely proportional to the ____
pressure difference, resistance
58
Blood viscosity increases as ____ increases
hematocrit
59
Atria (Function)
chambers through which blood flows from veins to ventricles. atrial contraction adds to ventricular filling but is not essential
60
Ventricles (Function)
Chambers whose contractions produce the pressures that drive blood through the pulmonary and systemic vascular systems and back to the heart
61
Arteries (Function)
Low resistance tubes conducting blood to the various organs w/ little loss in pressure. maintain blood flow during ventricular relaxation
62
Arterioles (Function)
Major sites of resistance to flow, responsible for regulating the pattern of blood flow distribution to organs, regulation of arterial blood pressure
63
Capillaries (Function)
major sites of nutrient, gas, metabolic end product, fluid exchange between blood and tissues
64
Venules (Function)
Capacitance vessels that are sites of migration of leukocytes from the blood into tissues during inflammation and infection
65
Veins (Function)
low resistance, high capacitance vessels carrying blood back to the heart.

KIN 132 CV Exam (5 decks)

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