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KIN 132 CV Exam > Module A - 12.1, 12.2 > Flashcards

Module A - 12.1, 12.2 Flashcards

1
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Red blood cells

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2
Q

Leukocytes

A

White blood cells

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3
Q

Erythrocyte function

A

Carry oxygen to tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues

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4
Q

Leukocyte function

A

Protect against infection, cancer, platelets function in blood clotting

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5
Q

Hematocrit

A

% of blood volume that is erythrocytes

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6
Q

Groups of plasma proteins (3)

A

Albumins, globulins, fibrinogen

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7
Q

Serum

A

Plasma w/ fibrinogen

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8
Q

All blood cells are descendent from a single population of cells called _____ _____ _____ _____

A

Multipotent hematopoietic stem cells

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9
Q

Oxygen and carbon dioxide reversibly combine with _____

A

Hemoglobin

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10
Q

Site of erythrocyte production

A

Red bone marrow

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11
Q

Reticulocyte

A

Ribosomes contained by young erythrocytes, producing a reticular appearance when treated w special stains

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12
Q

Major breakdown product of hemoglobin

A

Bilirubin

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13
Q

Lifespan of erythrocyte

A

120 days

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14
Q

Element to which oxygen binds on a hemoglobin molecule within an erythrocyte

A

Iron

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15
Q

Excess of iron

A

Hemochromatosis

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16
Q

Iron is bound up in a protein called ___

A

Ferritin

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17
Q

About __% of the total body iron is in hemoglobin, __% heme containing proteins and __% ferritin

A

50, 25, 25

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18
Q

Old erythrocytes are destroyed and the iron is bound to ___

A

Transferring

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19
Q

Absorption of B12 requires a protein called ___ ____

A

intrinsic factor

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20
Q

Erythrocyte production is called ____

A

Erythropoiesis

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21
Q

Erythrocyte production is exerted by a hormone called ____

A

Erythropoietin

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22
Q

EPO acts on the ____ _____

A

Bone marrow

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23
Q

Scenarios with higher EPO secretion

A

Insufficient pumping of blood by heart, lung disease, anemia, prolonged exercise, high altitude

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24
Q

Increase in EPO secretion results increased…

A

EPO secretion, plasma EPO concentration, erythrocyte production, oxygen carrying capacity of the blood

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25
Q

Higher hematocrit in men is due to..

A

Testosterone stimulates the release of EPO

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26
Q

Condition in which there are more erythrocytes than normal

A

Polycythemia

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27
Q

Increased hematocrit leads to..

A

Increased viscosity of blood

28
Q

___ are phagocytes and the most abundant leukocytes

A

Neutrophils

29
Q

___ are found in the blood and the mucosal surfaces lining the gastrointestinal, respiratory and urinary tracts

A

Eosinophils

30
Q

____ are phagocytes that circulate in the blood and then migrate into tissues and turn into macrophages

A

Monocytes

31
Q

___ are strategically located where they will encounter invaders, and are capable of engulfing viruses and bacteria

A

Macrophages

32
Q

___ secrete an anticlotting factors called heparin at the site of an infection, which helps circulation flush

A

Basophils

33
Q

____ protect against pathogens, and are composed of T and B lymphocytes

A

Lymphocytes

34
Q

Platelets are produced when ____, cytoplasmic portions of large bone marrow cells, pinch off and enter the circulation

A

Megakaryocytes

35
Q

Nutrients and metabolic end products move between capillary blood and interstitial fluid by ___

A

diffusion

36
Q

Two circulation systems , both originating and terminating in the heart

A

Systemic and pulmonary

37
Q

Upper and lower chambers of the heart are called..

A

Atrium, ventricle

38
Q

The ___ on each side of the heart empties into the ___ on that side

A

Atrium, Ventricle

39
Q

The ___ circulation incl. blood pumped from right ventricle –> lungs –> left atrium

A

Pulmonary

40
Q

The ___ circulation inc. blood pumped from the left ventricles –> all organs except lungs –> right atrium

A

Systemic

41
Q

Vessels carrying blood away from heart

A

Arteries

42
Q

Vessels carrying blood from organs/tissues back to heart

A

Veins

43
Q

In the systemic circuit, blood leaves the left ventricle via the ____

A

Aorta

44
Q

The arteries of the systemic circulation branch off into progressively smaller vessels

A

Arterioles –> capillaries

45
Q

Microcirculation consists of;

A

Arterioles, capillaries, venules

46
Q

The ___ ___ ___ collects blood from below the heart

A

inferior vena cava

47
Q

The ___ ___ ___ collects blood from above the heart

A

Superior vena cava

48
Q

Blood leaves the right ventricle via the ___ ___

A

Pulmonary trunk

49
Q

The pulmonary trunk divides into the two ___ ____

A

Pulmonary arteries

50
Q

In the lungs, the ___ continue to branch and connect to ____, leading to _____ that unite into ____ and then ____

A

Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins

51
Q

The blood leaves the lungs via four ___ ____, which empty into the left atrium

A

pulmonary veins

52
Q

Why does the blood in the pulmonary veins contain high oxygen levels?

A

As blood flows through lung capillaries, it pucks up oxygen supplied to the lungs by breathing

53
Q

Blood can only be passed from the systemic veins to systemic arteries by first being pumped through the ___

A

Lungs

54
Q

The blood returning from the body’s peripheral organs and tissues via the ___ veins is oxygenated before it is pumped back to them

A

Systemic

55
Q

The lungs receive all the blood pumped by the ___ side of the heart

A

Right

56
Q

The pressure exerted by any fluid

A

Hydrostatic pressure

57
Q

Flow rate is directly proportional to the ___ ___ between two points and inversely proportional to the ____

A

pressure difference, resistance

58
Q

Blood viscosity increases as ____ increases

A

hematocrit

59
Q

Atria (Function)

A

chambers through which blood flows from veins to ventricles. atrial contraction adds to ventricular filling but is not essential

60
Q

Ventricles (Function)

A

Chambers whose contractions produce the pressures that drive blood through the pulmonary and systemic vascular systems and back to the heart

61
Q

Arteries (Function)

A

Low resistance tubes conducting blood to the various organs w/ little loss in pressure. maintain blood flow during ventricular relaxation

62
Q

Arterioles (Function)

A

Major sites of resistance to flow, responsible for regulating the pattern of blood flow distribution to organs, regulation of arterial blood pressure

63
Q

Capillaries (Function)

A

major sites of nutrient, gas, metabolic end product, fluid exchange between blood and tissues

64
Q

Venules (Function)

A

Capacitance vessels that are sites of migration of leukocytes from the blood into tissues during inflammation and infection

65
Q

Veins (Function)

A

low resistance, high capacitance vessels carrying blood back to the heart.

KIN 132 CV Exam (5 decks)

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