Section B - The Revolution in Indian Country

Question 1

What is referred to as Iroquois Power?

Answer 1

• Consisted of six tribes: the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, and Tuscarora.
• Created a sophisticated system of governance based on democratic principles and collective decision-making

Question 2

What was the Beaver Wars 1660s-1701? (Iroquois Wars)

Answer 2

• Iroquois confederacy fought against Huron (Wyandot), Algonquin, Abenaki often allied with French settlers and traders
• Causes: beaver pelts was major economic driver. Iroquois sought to monopolise the fur trade
• English: joined later, providing the Iroquois with firearms, metal tools and other European goods in exchange for Beaver pelts. Supporting the Iroquois against the Algonqiun and the French helped to check French expansion/influence. Albany became a crucial hub for trade
• Algonquian-French Alliance: military expeditions and fortified settlements in region
• Led to complex web of alliances that would influence future interactions between indigenous peoples and European settlers.

Question 3

What/when was the Yamasee War?

Answer 3

• 1715-1717
• Conflict between British settlers in South Carolina and various Native Americans e.g. Yamasee and Creek
• British traders exploited Native Americans, when could not pay back enslaved or seized land + British provide low-quality goods at high prices
• British solidify control over South Carolina

Question 4

What/when was The French and Indian War, 1754-63? (7 Years’ War)

Answer 4

• Britain and France were in fierce competition for overseas colonies and trade dominance, particularly in North America
• Caribbean - Britain and France sought to control sugar-producing islands

Question 5

George Washington in Seven Years’ War?

Answer 5

• Appointed Virginia militia major
• Battle of Jumonville Glen and Fort Necessity
• Appointed commander of the Virginia Regiment and tasked with defending the frontier
• layed ground work for future Revolution military leadership

Question 6

How did seven years war come to an end?

Answer 6

• British victory in 1763
• France deaded Canada and all territories east of Mississippi to Britain
• Spain ceded Florida to Britain in exchange for Cuba, Havana
• Britain gained significant control over North America
• France Guadeloupe and Martinique, and Britain returned the captured islands in exchange for North America, prioritising LT strategic advantage over immediate economic gains
• Britain introduce Stamp Act and the Sugar Act

Question 7

Who was Pontiac?

Answer 7

• Ottawa Chief

Question 8

What/when was the Pontiac War?

Answer 8

• 1763-1766
• Caused by British control over former French territories which resulted in British mistreatment
• Pontiac emerged as the central figure in organising pan-tribal resistance against British e.g. Ottawa, Ojibew, Potawatomi
• 1766 - Pontiac negotiate peace agreement with British at Fort Ontaria ending conflict. Terms not favorable to Pontiac and his allies

Question 9

Impact of Seven Years’ War on the American Revolution?

Answer 9

• Washington’s military experience shined
• Colonial Unity: Benjamin Franklin’s ‘Unite or Die’:
• Political cartoon in 1754 depicting a snake cut into eight sections representing American colonies with a message calling for colonial unity in the face of the French and Indian threat during the French and Indian War.
• Became a symbol of American unity during Rev.
• End of Saltuarty neglect giving them degree of autnomy and freedom from direct intereference in international affairs leading eventually to increase tensions between Britain and the colonies

Question 10

PS for Indian country?

Answer 10

• The Royal Proclamation of 1763
• ‘We do hereby strictly forbid, on Pain of our Displeasure, all our loving Subjects from making any Purchases or Settlements whatever, or taking Possession of any of the Lands above reserved. without our especial leave and Licence for that Purpose first obtained.’

Question 11

What does D. Ritcher note about the Seven Years’ War and Pontiac?

Answer 11

• ‘The British victory in the Seven Years’ War changed everything by demolishing the transatlantic structural framework that had allowed Native people and European to coexist.’
• ‘Pontiac inspired a regional coalitions of several hundred Natives to lay siege to Detroit’