section b - the changing economic world

Question 1

explain the human development index (HDI)

Answer 1

HDI is calculated by using the GNI per head, life expectancy and education level. All these measures help you to understand how well the countries economic development is and quality of life.

Question 2

what is the DTM

Answer 2

DTM stands for demographic transition model it shows how the birth rates and death rates affect population growth.

Question 3

what is natural increase and decrease

Answer 3

when the birth rates is higher than the death rate the population grows this is called natural increase. when the death rate is higher than the birth rate its called natural decrease.

Question 4

Explain stage 1 of the DTM

Answer 4

its the least developed and very few places are at stage 1. The birth rate is high because their is no use of contraception. People also have lots of children because infant mortality rate is high. The death rate is high because their is poor healthcare and a low life expectancy.

Question 5

Explain stage 2 of the DTM

Answer 5

Stage 2 is not very developed many LICs are in stage 2.
-birth rate is high, the economy is based on agriculture so people have a lot of kids to work on farms
-better health care then stage 1 so life expectancy increases so death rate falls.

Question 6

Explain stage 3 of the DTM

Answer 6

Stage is more developed and many NEEs are in this stage. The birth rate rapidly falls as the use of contraception increases and more women work instead of having children. The economy also changes to manufacturing, so less children need to work on farms. Improved healthcare means death rate falls and life expectancy increases

Question 7

Explain stage 4 of the DTM

Answer 7

HICs
population size is high and steady
birth rates are low
high standard of living
health care is good and life expectancy is high
death rate is low
e.g. UK

Question 8

Explain stage 5 of the DTM

Answer 8

Stage 5 is the same as stage 5 however the population is falling due to an aging population
e.g. japan

Question 9

Explain how a poor climate can affect how developed a country is (physical factor)

Answer 9

Some countries have a hot, cold or dry environment meaning not much crops will grown here. Therefore not enough food will be produced and people will be malnourished. People will also have less crops to sell meaning less taxes are paid therefore the government have less money to spend on healthcare and etc.

Question 10

Explain how a poor farming land can affect how developed a country is (physical factor)

Answer 10

if the land in a country is steep or has poor soil then it will be difficult to grow crops the impact of this is the same as a poor climate

Question 11

Explain how a few raw materials can affect how developed a country is (physical factor)

Answer 11

-countries without raw material’s have fewer products to export to other countries
-this tends to mean they make less money and so aren’t able to spend on development
-some countries have lots of raw material but don’t have the infrastructure to exploit them.

Question 12

Explain how a lots of natural disasters can affect how developed a country is (physical factor)

Answer 12

counties that experience a lot of natural disasters have to spend a lot of money rebuilding after they occur. Natural disasters reduce the quality of life for the people affected and reduce the amount of money the government have for development

Question 13

Explain how poor trade links can cause uneven development (economic factor)

Answer 13

Trade is the exchange of goods and services between countries. World trade patterns influence a countries economy and so affect is level of development. if a county has poor trade links they wont make a lot of money to less money for development.

Question 14

Explain how lots of debt can cause uneven development of a country (economic factor)

Answer 14

very poor counties borrow money to help cope with the aftermath of natural disasters. this money has to be paid back sometimes with interest meaning their is less for development .

Question 15

Explain how an economy based on primary products can cause uneven development (economic factor)

Answer 15

countries that export primary products (raw resources) tend to be less developed then countries who export manufactured good as these sell for more. Sometimes the price of primary products can fluctuate.

Question 16

Explain how colonisation causes uneven development (historical factor)

Answer 16

European countries colonised many countries in Asia, Africa and Australasia between the 16th and 20th century. The colonisers removed raw materials and manufactured goods from these countries. The profits went to the colonisers instead of the colonised countries increasing inequality. it also prevented these countries from developing their own industries.

Question 17

Explain how conflict causes uneven development (historical factor)

Answer 17

During war money is spent on arms and on training soldiers instead of development. People are also killed and infrastructure is damaged.

Question 18

Explain how wealth is a consequence of uneven development

Answer 18

people in more developed countries have a higher income than those in less developed countries. Wealth can impact peoples standard of living.

Question 19

Explain how healthcare is a consequence of uneven development

Answer 19

people in LICs usually have lower life expectancy, the infant mortality rate is also higher and the lack of adequate healthcare means people could die easily from diseases that would be treated easily in HICs.

Question 20

The impacts of uneven development (health and wealth) lead to international migration explain this

Answer 20

many people from LICS or NEEs move to HICs to escape conflict or the poor quality of life. Migrant workers contribute to the economy of the HICs instead of their home countries which further increases the development gap