section A - urban issues and challenges Flashcards
what is urbanisation
its the growth in the population of people living in urban areas
What is a newly emerging economy
countries where economic development is rapidly increasing e.g. brazil
what is urbanisation caused by
its caused by rural-urban migration and natural increase.
what is a push and pull factor
pull- encourages people to move to an area
push- encourages people to leave an area
give 3 example of push factors
-natural disasters can damage property and farm land which is costly. Rural areas find it harder to recover as their is less resources
-mechanised agricultural equipment needs fewer workers so there are fewer jobs
-desertification makes lands unproductive so people cannot support themselves.
give 4 examples of pull factors
-there are more jobs in urban areas plus they are often better paid.
-there’s access to better healthcare and educational opportunities
-other family members might have already moved to an urban area
-people think they will have a better quality of life
what is natural increase
its when the birth rate exceeds the death rate therefore the population grows
why does the uk have a very uneven population distribution.
The relief (change in height of the land) affects where most people live.
-upland regions are sparsely populated as they are difficult to farm and have few resources
-most costal areas have attracted human settlement ports are built here
-most urban areas are developed in low lands as they are easier to build on and the climate is milder than uplands
-mineral wealth has often lead to population growth because this is where industries developed
what are the 4 distinct zones of uk cities
-the central business district usually in the middle most services are found here
-the suburbs found towards the edge (scabby areas)
-the inner city mainly residential but with some business and recreational parks
explain a water conservation scheme
-only as much water should be taken from the environment as can be naturally replaced
-collecting rainwater for use on gardens or for flushing toilets
-installing toilets that flush less water
-installing water metres so people have to pay for the water they use
-encourage people to use less water
hosepipe bans
explain a energy conservation scheme
-fossil fuels aren’t sustainable and contribute to climate change so energy schemes reduce the use of fossil fuels
- promoting renewable energy
-encourage people to make their homes energy efficient e.g. solar panels
-making sure that all new homes meet the minimum energy efficiency requirements
-encouraging people to reduce car use by using public transportation
what are the benefits of green spaces
green spaces gives people places where they will actually want to live and work
-it reduces stress, noise and makes people happier
-it also has environmental benefits such as they reduce air pollution and the risk of flooding.
why is recycling important and what are the benefits
-more recycling means fewer resources are used on new cans
-less waste is then produced which reduces the amount of waste going to landfills
-landfills are unsustainable as it wastes it wastes resources that could be recycled and eventually there wont be anymore space. decomposing landfill also releases greenhouse gases.
-waste recycling scheme should include:
-kerbside collections of recyclable materials
-building recycling facilities
why is traffic congestion a big problem for urban areas
-lots of traffic increases air pollution and the release of greenhouse gases that cause climate change
-traffic can make people late to work and delay deliveries causing companies to loose money
-higher chance of accidents congestion also causes frustration
how can traffic be ruduced
-public transport
-bus priority lanes
-parking restrictions
-ring roads
