Section B: The Changing Economic World Flashcards
Brandt Line
A line that divides developed and developing countries on the world map.
Capitalism
An economic and political system where trade and other sectors of the economy
such as manufacturing are run by private companies for profit. They believe that
the richer the country, the more developed it can be.
Colonialism
The act of getting control over another country, this involves occupying their land
and results in exploitation of people and the country’s resources.
Communism
A system which believes that the population should be classless and equal
financially. Goods and the means of production are owned communally (often by
the state) instead of being owned by private companies so everyone has access
to what they need.
Corruption
Governments that are dishonest or steal money to remain in power or for financial
gain.
Demographic Transition Model
A model which describes how the population, birth and death rates as a country
develops.
Economic Inequality
The difference in wealth between the richest 10% of a country’s population and
the poorest 10%.
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GNI per capita
The total amount of money earned by individuals or businesses, divided by the
population.
Governance
The management of a place or group of people.
Human Development Index
A measure of several indicators including life expectancy, inequality and
education.
Immigration
The movement of people from their home country to a new country of residence.
Indicator
A way of measuring development, which focuses on the social, economic or
environmental development.
Infant Mortality Rate
The ratio of children under 5 years old that die compared to the total number of
births.
Life Expectancy
The average number of years an individual is likely to live, determined at birth.
Lower Income Country (LIC)
A country of low wealth and a limited level of development.
Middle Income Country (MIC)
A country of sufficient wealth and a good level of development.
Non-Government Organisation (NGO)
A company or organisation that operates separate from the government, but
doesn’t aim to make a profit (e.g. charities, universities).
Pollution Levels
The volume of pollution in the air or water.
Quality of Life
The standard of living of a person or a community. Many factors can affect this
including health, comfort and access to services.
Respiratory Conditions
Illnesses that affect your breathing, for example asthma or lung disease.
Social Inequality
The difference in quality of life between the highest income family and lowest
income household.
Squatter Settlements
Clusters of temporary housing which migrants or low income families typically live
in, often built on unfavourable land.
Name two main industries in the UK
Finance & Banking, Retail, Construction,
Oil & Gas, Healthcare, Education
How large is the UK’s economy?
The Uk is the 6th largest economy in the
world
Name a quarry and its location. What
does it produce?
Torr Quarry, in Somerset. The quarry
produces limestone.
Why is limestone useful in the UK?
We use limestone for road construction,
in important buildings and to treat waste
and contamination.
How much money does quarrying make
for the UK economy?
£15 million each year
State one advantage and one
disadvantage of quarrying
Advantage: Quarries provide jobs, some quarries
turn into nature reserves after use.
Disadvantage: Noise & dust pollution, habitats
lost during quarrying.
Why is hydrogen production important to
the UK?
Hydrogen can be used to generate energy. It is
a renewable source of energy, so it doesn’t
contribute to global warming.
How much money does hydrogen
production generate each year?
£320 billion in the UK
State one advantage and one
disadvantage of hydrogen production
Disadvantages: Large amount of energy needed,
Precious metals & concrete needed during
construction.
Where is Nigeria found?
Nigeria is in west Africa, next to
Cameroon and Benin on the West Coast.
Why is Nigeria economically influential in
the world?
Nigeria has the largest GDP in Africa and
it has a large supply of oil to sell
How big is Nigeria’s population?
7th largest population in the world, with
approximately 200 million people living
here.
What is special about Nigeria’s film
industry?
Nigeria’s film industry - ‘Nollywood’ - is
the second largest film industry in the
world.
Does Nigeria have a good government?
The government is corrupt, as many
officials take bribes. Therefore Nigerians
have lost trust in the government.
What is the biggest industry in Nigeria?
Agriculture, since 70% of the population
are farmers.
What is the life expectancy in Nigeria?
How does this compare to the rest of the
world?
54 years, which is 19 years less than the
average life expectancy for the world.
What is the literacy rates in Nigeria?
How does this compare to the rest of the
world?
65.1%, which is low as the UK has 100%
literacy rates.
What is Nigeria’s rank in the Human
Development Index?
0.840
Why is oil important to Nigeria?
Oil can be traded to make large profits.
Name two TNCs in Nigeria
- Shell
- Unilever
Name an NGO that gives aid in Nigeria,
and how do they help Nigerians?
Christian Aid - Protecting displaced Nigerians,
supporting people with HIV, medical treatment for
children
Action Aid - Helping girls go to school, food parcels
during COVID, pressuring TNCs to pay taxes.
