Section B: Animal Physiology

Question 1

What do the ribs do when inhaling?

Answer 1

Move up and out.

Question 2

What do the intercostal muscles do when inhaling?

Answer 2

Relax.

Question 3

What do the intercostal muscles do when exhaling?

Answer 3

Contract.

Question 4

What happens to the volume and pressure of the thorax when inhaling?

Answer 4

The volume increases and the pressure decreases.

Question 5

What happens to the ribs when exhaling?

Answer 5

They move down and in.

Question 6

What do the external intercostal muscles do when inhaling?

Answer 6

Contract.

Question 7

How would you test water for starch?

Answer 7

Starch: take a sample of the water in a spotting tile and add a drop of iodine solution. The colour changes from orange to blue-black.

Question 8

How would you test water for glucose?

Answer 8

Glucose: take a sample of the water in a test tube and add blue Benedict’s solution. Place the tube in a water bath and heat until it boils. A brick-red precipitate results.

Question 9

Why is HCl acid important in the stomach?

Answer 9

So the acid can kill any bacteria in the food.

Question 10

What food does amylase act upon and what does it turn them into?

Answer 10

Starches, maltose.

Question 11

What food does trypsin act upon and what does it turn them into?

Answer 11

Proteins, peptides.

Question 12

What food does lipase act upon and what does it turn them into?

Answer 12

Lipids (or fats), glycerol (fatty acids).

Question 13

What is the equation linking energy (j), water and temperature?

Answer 13

Energy(j) = mass of water x temperature change x 4.20

Question 14

Name the left parts of the heart

Answer 14

Aorta
Pulmonary vein 
Left atrium
Semi lunar valve
Bicuspid valve
Left ventricle

Question 15

Name the right parts of the heart

Answer 15

Pulmonary artery
Vena cava
Right atrium
Semilunar valve
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle

Question 16

Which type of neurone transmits a signal from a sense organ to the central nervous system?

Answer 16

Sensory.

Question 17

Which type of neurone transmits a signal from the central nervous system to an effector such as a muscle?

Answer 17

Motor

Question 18

What is a synapse?

Answer 18

A synapse is the gap at the junction of two neurones. Chemicals called neurotransmitters diffuse across the gap, causing the next neurone to transmit an electrical impulse.

Question 19

Which part of the nervous system is not involved in producing reflex actions?

Answer 19

Brain.

Question 20

Which two parts of the eye are involved in focussing?

Answer 20

Lens and cornea.

Question 21

What are the parts of the motor neurone?

Answer 21

Cell body
Dendron
Dendrites
Axon
Myelin sheath

Question 22

What are the parts of the eye?

Answer 22

Iris
Lens
Cornea
Suspensory ligaments
Retina
Optic nerve
Ciliary muscles

Question 23

What does the bowmans capsule do in the kidneys?

Answer 23

It filters, so big molecules like proteins and blood cells are not squeezed out, they stay in the blood.

Question 24

What does the bowmans capsule surround?

Answer 24

Glomerulus.

Question 25

What are the filtration units in the kidneys?

Answer 25

Nephrons.

Question 26

What is taken out of the egg cell to be cloned? What does this create?

Answer 26

Nucleus. Enucleated cell.

Question 27

What is inserted in the nucleus's place in cloning?

Answer 27

A diploid nucleus.

Question 28

In cloning, what is the nucleus stimulated by and why is it stimulated?

Answer 28

By electric shock. So it starts diving by mitosis.

Question 29

What is the resultant cell of a 'zapped' cell called?

Answer 29

Embryo.

Question 30

What is the process called when food enters the mouth?

Answer 30

Ingestion.

Question 31

What is the process called when the nutrients are absorbed in the stomach?

Answer 31

Digestion.

Question 32

What is the process called when small food molecules are used to build big ones?

Answer 32

Assimilation.

Question 33

What is osmoregulation?

Answer 33

Maintain the balance of water and salt content in the internal environment constant.

Question 34

What does homeostasis mean?

Answer 34

Keeping the conditions in the internal environment in the body relatively constant.

Question 35

What two blood vessels have to be connected to transplant a kidney?

Answer 35

Renal vein | Renal artery

Question 36

What tube has to be connected to two blood vessels in order to complete a kidney transplant?

Answer 36

Ureter

Question 37

What two blood vessels have to be connected to transplant a kidney?

Answer 37

Renal vein | Renal artery

Question 38

What tube has to be connected to two blood vessels I order to complete a kidney transplant?

Answer 38

Ureter

Question 39

What is ultrafiltration?

Answer 39

When the filter (in the glomerulus) separates different sized molecules under pressure.

Question 40

What hormone controls water content?

Answer 40

ADH

Question 41

What is reabsorption in the kidneys?

Answer 41

All the glucose, sufficient salt and sufficient water are reabsorbed from the 'proximal convoluted tubule'. It involves the process of active transport (against the concentration gradient).

Question 42

Name the parts of a nephron.

Answer 42

``` Glomerulus Bowman's capsule Loop of Henlé Proximal convoluted tubule Distal convoluted tubule Collect duct ```

Question 43

Name the five processes of digestion.

Answer 43

``` Ingestion Digestion Absorption Assimilation Egestion ```