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Biology > Section B: Animal Physiology > Flashcards

Section B: Animal Physiology Flashcards

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1
Q

What do the ribs do when inhaling?

A

Move up and out.

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2
Q

What do the intercostal muscles do when inhaling?

A

Relax.

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3
Q

What do the intercostal muscles do when exhaling?

A

Contract.

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4
Q

What happens to the volume and pressure of the thorax when inhaling?

A

The volume increases and the pressure decreases.

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5
Q

What happens to the ribs when exhaling?

A

They move down and in.

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6
Q

What do the external intercostal muscles do when inhaling?

A

Contract.

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7
Q

How would you test water for starch?

A

Starch: take a sample of the water in a spotting tile and add a drop of iodine solution. The colour changes from orange to blue-black.

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8
Q

How would you test water for glucose?

A

Glucose: take a sample of the water in a test tube and add blue Benedict’s solution. Place the tube in a water bath and heat until it boils. A brick-red precipitate results.

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9
Q

Why is HCl acid important in the stomach?

A

So the acid can kill any bacteria in the food.

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10
Q

What food does amylase act upon and what does it turn them into?

A

Starches, maltose.

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11
Q

What food does trypsin act upon and what does it turn them into?

A

Proteins, peptides.

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12
Q

What food does lipase act upon and what does it turn them into?

A

Lipids (or fats), glycerol (fatty acids).

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13
Q

What is the equation linking energy (j), water and temperature?

A

Energy(j) = mass of water x temperature change x 4.20

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14
Q

Name the left parts of the heart

A 
Aorta
Pulmonary vein 
Left atrium
Semi lunar valve
Bicuspid valve
Left ventricle
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15
Q

Name the right parts of the heart

A 
Pulmonary artery
Vena cava
Right atrium
Semilunar valve
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
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16
Q

Which type of neurone transmits a signal from a sense organ to the central nervous system?

A

Sensory.

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17
Q

Which type of neurone transmits a signal from the central nervous system to an effector such as a muscle?

A

Motor

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18
Q

What is a synapse?

A

A synapse is the gap at the junction of two neurones. Chemicals called neurotransmitters diffuse across the gap, causing the next neurone to transmit an electrical impulse.

19
Q

Which part of the nervous system is not involved in producing reflex actions?

A

Brain.

20
Q

Which two parts of the eye are involved in focussing?

A

Lens and cornea.

21
Q

What are the parts of the motor neurone?

A 
Cell body
Dendron
Dendrites
Axon
Myelin sheath
22
Q

What are the parts of the eye?

A 
Iris
Lens
Cornea
Suspensory ligaments
Retina
Optic nerve
Ciliary muscles
23
Q

What does the bowmans capsule do in the kidneys?

A

It filters, so big molecules like proteins and blood cells are not squeezed out, they stay in the blood.

24
Q

What does the bowmans capsule surround?

A

Glomerulus.

25
Q

What are the filtration units in the kidneys?

A

Nephrons.

26
Q

What is taken out of the egg cell to be cloned?

What does this create?

A

Nucleus.

Enucleated cell.

27
Q

What is inserted in the nucleus’s place in cloning?

A

A diploid nucleus.

28
Q

In cloning, what is the nucleus stimulated by and why is it stimulated?

A

By electric shock.

So it starts diving by mitosis.

29
Q

What is the resultant cell of a ‘zapped’ cell called?

A

Embryo.

30
Q

What is the process called when food enters the mouth?

A

Ingestion.

31
Q

What is the process called when the nutrients are absorbed in the stomach?

A

Digestion.

32
Q

What is the process called when small food molecules are used to build big ones?

A

Assimilation.

33
Q

What is osmoregulation?

A

Maintain the balance of water and salt content in the internal environment constant.

34
Q

What does homeostasis mean?

A

Keeping the conditions in the internal environment in the body relatively constant.

35
Q

What two blood vessels have to be connected to transplant a kidney?

A

Renal vein

Renal artery

36
Q

What tube has to be connected to two blood vessels in order to complete a kidney transplant?

A

Ureter

37
Q

What two blood vessels have to be connected to transplant a kidney?

A

Renal vein

Renal artery

38
Q

What tube has to be connected to two blood vessels I order to complete a kidney transplant?

A

Ureter

39
Q

What is ultrafiltration?

A

When the filter (in the glomerulus) separates different sized molecules under pressure.

40
Q

What hormone controls water content?

A

ADH

41
Q

What is reabsorption in the kidneys?

A

All the glucose, sufficient salt and sufficient water are reabsorbed from the ‘proximal convoluted tubule’. It involves the process of active transport (against the concentration gradient).

42
Q

Name the parts of a nephron.

A 
Glomerulus
Bowman's capsule
Loop of Henlé
Proximal convoluted tubule
Distal convoluted tubule
Collect duct
43
Q

Name the five processes of digestion.

A 
Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Assimilation
Egestion

Biology (6 decks)

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