Section B-4, B-6, G-1

Question 1

Reinforcement (SR)

Answer 1

A stimulus change following a behavior that results in that behavior occuring more often

Question 2

What does SR mean?

Answer 2

• Makes antecedent conditions relevant
• Changes what comes after behavior (consequeces) and what comes before (antecedent)
• Creates stimulus control (making responding in the precense of the SD more likely)

Question 3

Discriminated Operant

Answer 3

A behavior that occurs in some conditions/SDs more than in others

Question 4

Reinforcement can strengthen…

5

Answer 4

1. Rate
2. Duration
3. Latency
4. Magnitude
5. Topography

Question 5

Reinforcement Effectiveness
How many seconds most effective?

Answer 5

• most effective 0-sec delay
• less effectice 1-sec delay
• a response becomes more frequent in the future if preciously followed by a reinforcer or an increase in a reinforcer within 0-30 sec

Delayed consequences aren’t technically reinforcers

Question 6

Is Reinforcement circular or linear?

Answer 6

Linear
A-B-C

Question 7

Transient Effects

Temporary

Answer 7

Temporary effect; when a reinforcer (or punisher) is removed, it should be expected that a change in responding can occur (for the worse) above or below baseline

Question 8

Bribery vs. Reinforcement

Answer 8

Bribery occurs before the behavior reinforcement occurs after

Question 9

Behavioral Contrast

Answer 9

When a behavior occurs in multiple environments, but treatment is delivered in only 1 environment, you can expect to see a change in behavior in the oppositie direction in the non-treatment environment, even though nothing changes in that environment.

Question 10

Positive Behavioral Contrast

Answer 10

An increase in behavior which contacts reinforcement at an unchanged rate (non-treatment settting) and decreases in that same behavior in the treatment condition (DRO, extinction, punishment)

Question 11

Negative Behavorial Contrast

Answer 11

A decrease in behavior which contacts reinforcement at an unchanged rate (non-treatment setting) and an increase in that same behavior in the treatment condition (reinforcement)

Question 12

How to avoid contrast?

Answer 12

Program procedures in all settings in which the behavior occurs

Question 13

Positive Reinforcement

Answer 13

A process that occurs when a behavior is followed immediately by a stimulus that increases the future frequency of that and similar behaviors in similar conditions

Question 14

5 Types of Positive Reinforcers

EATSS

Answer 14

1. Edibles
2. Activity
3. Tangible
4. Social
5. Sensory

Question 15

Negative Reinforcement

Answer 15

A process that occurs when a behavior is followed immediately by a reducion or removal of a stimulus that increases the future frequency of that and similar behaviors in similar conditions

Relief, escape, avoidance

Question 16

2 Types of Negative Reinforcement

Answer 16

1. Escape
2. Avoidance
   * Discriminative Avoidance
   * Free Operant Avoidance

Question 17

Escape

behavior

Answer 17

A behavior that stops an ongoing aversive stimulus/unpleasant situation

Question 18

Avoidance

response

Answer 18

A response that prevents or postpones the presentation of an aversive stimulus/unpleasant situation

Question 19

Discriminative Avoidance

Contingency

Answer 19

The preventation of the onset of an aversive stimulus in the presence of a signal/SD

Question 20

Free Operant Avoidance

Contingency

Answer 20

The prevention of the onset of an aversive stimulus without the presence of a signal/SD

Question 21

Automatic Reinforcement

Answer 21

• When behavior is evoked, shaped, maintained, or weakened by environmental variables that happen without other’s manipulation.
• Reinforcement that occurs without the social mediation of others (others do not deliver consequences at all)

Question 22

Automatic Punishment

Answer 22

Punishment that occurs without the social mediation of others (others do not deliver consequences at all)

Question 23

Socially Mediated Contingency

Answer 23

When another person controls your access to reinforcement/punishment

oppositie of automatic reinforcement/punishment

Question 24

Unconditioned Reinforcer/Reinforcement (UCR)

Answer 24

A stimulus change that increases the future frequency of behavior without prior pairing with any other form of reinforcement

No learning history required
Phylogeny

Primary Reinforcer, Unlearned Reinforcer

Question 25

Conditioned Reinforcer/Reinforcement (CR)

Answer 25

When previously neutral stimulus acquires the ability to function as a reinforcer through stimulu-stimulu pairing with 1 or more unconditioned or conditoned reinforcers

Learning history required
Ontogeny

Secondary reinforcer, learned reinforcer

Question 26

Generalized Conditioned Reinforcer

Answer 26

A type of conditioned reinforcer that has been paired with many unconditioned and conditioned reinforcers

Doesn’t depend on MO for effectiveness
Likely reinforcing any time to anyone

Money, love, social praise

Question 27

Rule Governed Behavior

Answer 27

Learning the rules: behavior comes under the control of consequences that are too delayed to influence your behavior directly

Studying, passing an exam
Being pregnant, buying baby clothes

Question 28

Contingency Shaped Behavior

Answer 28

When a behavior is directly controlled by the contingency, not rules

A behavorial contingency is the occassion for an occassion for response (SD) - the response - the outcome of the response

Consequence must occur within 0-30 sec following the response

Medicine on a cut, relieve the pain