Section B

Question 1

What are the two key themes of the biological area?

Answer 1

1- Regions of the brain
2- Brain Plasticity

Question 2

What two studies link to the key theme of regions of the brain?

Answer 2

Sperry and Casey

Question 3

How does Sperry link to the key theme of regions of the brain?

Answer 3

IMPROVED our understanding
- left and right hemispheres
- lateralisation of functioning

Question 4

What are the two studies that link to the key theme of brain plasticity?

Answer 4

Blakemore & Cooper and Maguire

Question 5

How does Casey link to the key theme of regions of the brain?

Answer 5

CHANGED our understanding
- ventral striatum and inferior frontal gyrus
- localisation of functioning

Question 6

How does Blakemore and Cooper link to the key theme of brain plasticity?

Answer 6

• is vision innate or acquired
• development of the primary visual cortex of cats
• adjustments being made during maturation

Question 7

How does Maguire link to the key theme of brain plasticity?

Answer 7

• hippocampus (anterior, body, and posterior)
• structural changes overtime
• spatial navigation

Question 8

What are the two assumptions in the biological area?

Answer 8

1- behaviour is due to genetics, hormones, and brain structure
2- psychological behaviour was once physiological

Question 9

How does the assumption that behaviour is due to genetics, hormones, and brain structure link to Sperry?

Answer 9

• split-brain patients
• lack of cross integration
• each hemisphere has its own stream of consciousness
• removal of the corpus callosum

Question 10

How does the assumption that psychological behaviour was once physiological link to Sperry?

Answer 10

participants being able to draw a symbol that they could not see = due to visual fields and hemispheres

Question 11

How does the assumption that behaviour is due to genetics, hormones, and brain structure link to Casey?

Answer 11

• delay of gratification
• high and low delayers
• ventral striatum and inferior frontal gyrus
• suppressing immediate responses

Question 12

How does the assumption that psychological behaviour was once physiological link to Casey?

Answer 12

not being able to delay gratification (low delayers) is due to difficulty suppressing responses from inferior frontal gyrus

Question 13

How does the assumption that behaviour is due to genetics, hormones, and brain structure link to Blakemore and Cooper?

Answer 13

• neurons re- specialising
• orientation of environments
• behavioural blindness
• no visual placing

Question 14

How does the assumption that psychological behaviour was once physiological link to Blakemore and Cooper?

Answer 14

showing no signs of visual placing due to visual impairments in the primary visual cortex

Question 15

How does the assumption that behaviour is due to genetics, hormones, and brain structure link to Maguire?

Answer 15

• hippocampus and memory
• spatial navigation
• posterior hippocampus larger in taxi drivers to accommodate increased need for spatial navigation

Question 16

How does the assumption that psychological behaviour was once physiological link to Maguire?

Answer 16

having good spatial navigation is due to increased posterior hippocampal volume