Overview Flashcards

1
Q

What are the assumptions of the biological approach?

A

1- all that is psychological was once physiological
2- much behaviour has a genetic basis

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2
Q

What is the assumption that all that was once psychological was once physiological explained?

A

that the mind resides in the brain so all thoughts, feelings, and behaviour have a biological cause

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3
Q

What is the assumption that behaviour is due to genetics, hormones, and brain structure explained?

A

behaviour is due to biological factors such as: brain structure, hormones, and genetics

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4
Q

What are the methods used by the biological approach?

A

1- lab experiments (need for scientific equipment)
2- twin and adoption studies (concordance)

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5
Q

What does the biological approach suggest?

A

that behavioural characteristics (e.g., personality) are inherited

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6
Q

What is concordance?

A

how much people agree

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7
Q

What are the two types of twins?

A

monozygotic (identical) and dizygotic (non-identical)

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8
Q

How much of the same DNA do the two types of twins share?

A

mono = 100%
di = 50%

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9
Q

What are twin studies used for?

A

to see if behaviour has a genetic basis

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10
Q

What are adoption studies used for?

A

to see the likelihood of behaviour having a genetic cause

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11
Q

How do adoption studies work?

A

if twins are adopted into different families and environments at birth yet still behave in the same or similar ways it is likely because behaviour is a result of genetics

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12
Q

What type of twins are likely to have higher concordance rates?

A

monozygotic twins

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13
Q

What part of the brain is looked at within someone who has schizophrenia?

A

ventricles - those with schizophrenia tend to have enlarged ventricles

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14
Q

What is neuroanatomy?

A

the structure of the brain

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15
Q

What part of the brain is responsible for personality?

A

pre-frontal cortex (frontal lobe)

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16
Q

What part of the brain is responsible for aggression?

A
  • amygdala
  • hypothalamus
17
Q

What part of the brain is responsible for memory and spacial navigation?

A

hippocampus

18
Q

What part of the brain is responsible for sleep?

A

hypothalamus

19
Q

What part of the brain is responsible for emotions?

A

amygdala

20
Q

What chemical is associated with depression and OCD?

A

serotonin
high in OCD
low in depression

21
Q

What chemical is associated with addiction and schizophrenia?

A

dopamine
high in addiction
high in schizophrenia

22
Q

What chemical is associated with aggression?

A

testosterone
high = high aggression

23
Q

What chemical is associated with stress?

A

cortisol
high = high stress

24
Q

What chemical associated with SAD?

A

melatonin
high = SAD

25
Q

How is brain activity different between someone who has depression to someone who does not have depression?

A
  • lower activity
  • blue (in colour scans) rather than red/orange
26
Q

What type of treatment is often used biological disorders?

A

drug therapy

27
Q

What are the drugs that change the way a person thinks or behaves called?

A

psychoactive drugs

28
Q

What are the 4 main types of psychoactive drugs?

A
  • anti-psychotics
  • anti-depressants
  • anti-anxiety drugs
  • anti-mania drugs
29
Q

What are anti-psychotics used to treat?

A

schizophrenia

30
Q

What are anti-depressants used to treat?

A

depression

31
Q

What are anti-anxiety drugs used to treat?

A

anxiety

32
Q

What are anti-mania drugs used to treat?

A

bipolar disorder

33
Q

What are the criticisms of the biological approach?

A
  • reductionist (oversimplifies complex ideas)
  • nature (vs. nurture)
  • deterministic - suggests we have no free will over our behaviour