Section A - Urban Challenges in the UK Flashcards
Describe the population distribution in UK
Population Distribution-
82% of UK live in the cities
Greater London is the most populated city with over 5000 people per square km
Over 250 people per square km along M6 corridor to Greater and Liverpool with over 2500 people per square km
Scotland have an average of less than 25 people per square km
Describe the population distribution in London
Population Distribution in London-
63.5% of residents are born in the UK while the rest are born on foreign soil
Most migrants are in their 20s and 30s leading to a higher rate of natural increase
How is London Important?
London Importance-
GDP is £500 billion
Transport Links with the Uk such as HS2 and abroad such as Eurostar
Centre of culture, business and trade
The population of 8.5 million based on the last census
Give some improvements and a drawback of the Stratford Regeneration.
Stratford Regeneration-
8000 new homes
2006- 20ft “fridge mountain releases CFC gas Stratford. Now- Stood in its place is the Olympic Park
Westfield Front part was refurbished to look attractive
Westfield created 10,000 jobs increases tourism
Queen Elizabeth Park was 100 hectares of open space- a brownfield site has been improved
Increased house prices generally by a third to push poor people out
Give social, economic and environmental benefits of the East Village.
Local trains and bus services connect to the London Underground. Stratford International station provides access to Central London and Europe.
10 hectares of parkland has been created containing hundreds of newly planted trees and ponds.
. These have been constructed to a high standard of energy efficiency and insulation. Apartments lose less heat than low-rise housing.
Green roofs have been included on residential blocks, providing habitats for wildlife as well as slowing the flow of surface run-off from rain.
There are 35 independent shops, cafes and bars serving the local community. This keeps money in the local area as they are less likely to travel to shop.
A large health centre has been constructed along with a school for 2000 3 to 18-year-olds. These services are essential to support the local community.
Describe the water usage of the East Village
Water use in East Village is 50 per cent less than typical in urban areas. This has been achieved through recycling water naturally, using reed beds in wetland areas. Rainwater is filtered naturally before being recycled and used for irrigating plants and flushing toilets. Fresh, drinking water is on a separate system.
Describe the Energy usage of the East Village
East Village uses 30 per cent less energy than an average urban area. This is because of a system called combined heat and power (CHP). CHP involves generating electricity and heat from the same source of energy, in this case, burning biomass. Water is heated to create steam that drives a turbine to generate electricity. The hot water produced in this process is pumped around the nearby apartments and is used to heat them.
What are tourism, business and education opportunities in London?
Tourism: London has the highest tourist spending in 2011 with $21.1 billion
Business & Finance: London has the 6th largest economy, London earns 23% more than the UK and spends 24% more
Education: Over half of London have a degree, 410,000 students attend university
What are the Jobs, Culture, Green Space and Recreation and Entertainment opportunities in London?
Jobs: There were 5 million jobs in London at the start of 2012, 800,000 people commute to London for work every day
Culture: Over 2 million Londoners don’t speak English at home, ⅓ of Londoners are born abroad, Work for public service jobs, May not be fluent in English
Green Space: London has 8 royal parks, 66% of London land is either garden, public green space or water
Recreation & Entertainment: Cultural attractions such as British Museum and Buckingham Palace, Sporting events such as Wimbledon tennis
Compare 1980s Shoreditch to now.
Shoreditch:
1980s- factories & poor settlements
Now- factories changed into housing and creative industries such as Microsoft & Apple
Compare 1960s Isle of Dogs to now.
Isle of Dogs:
The 1960s- Docks and industries
Now- International Banks, high rise blocks- 100,000+ workers
Urban Inequalities:
Compare Newham and Knightsbridge in terms of life expectancy and Education.
Newham- 79 years life expectancy, 2000+ did not achieve expected in KS2 SATS
Knightsbridge - 90 years life expectancy, 300- did not achieve expected in KS2 SATS
What is the pollution problems in London and how is it being tackled.
Pollution: Caused 3.799 deaths in London, Has worst pollution record of all European cities and regularly exceeds EU limit, London Target Zero Waste to Landfill by 2030 Green Belt protects 8 million trees which deliver £95 million of air filtration services
How is London urban sustainable?
47% of London is green space
3000 species in woodlands
Third greenest city in the world
What are the Transport Strategies in London?
Transport Strategies-
Half a million bike journeys are made every day
Heathrow carried 70 million passengers in 2011
Hopper Bus fare - £1.50 per hour
Cycle SuperHighway, Congestion Charge £13/day, Crossrail
Demand for London transport will grow by 60% in the next 30 years
