Section A : Rio part Flashcards
Why is Rio important nationally and internationally?
- Brazil’s mosti mportant industrial centre, produces 5% of Brazils GDP
- Important in manufacturing and services
- Transport hub with 3 airports and 5 ports
Migration in Rio
From Rural Brazil, South America, China, South Korea
- Job opportunities
- Better living conditions
- Better pay
- Better facilities
Rio’s Zones
North Zone : Very industrialised, many favelas
Centro : Financial center, oldest part
South Zone : Tourist focussed and very wealthy, Copacabana Beach
West Zone : Mix of wealthier, (Barra du Tijuca) and more industrial (Campo Grande) areas
Healthcare Challenges , Opportunities and Solutions
- 6 hospitals so better healthcare than in countryside
- 55% of families had access to health clinic in 2013
- Life expectancy and healthcare varies widely between different areas
- Very poor services for pregnant women and elderly
- Santa Marta : A remote favela, Med kits into people’s homes for treatment of disease
Education Challenges and opportunities and Solutions
- 90% of Children aged 10 are illiterate
- 25% of poorest children do not go to school and only half the children continue their education beyond age of 14
- Schools funded to cover the costs of schooling, private university in Rocinha, free sports lessons
Water Supply Challenges Opportunities and Solutions
- Higher access to water in urbanised areas than rural areas
- 12% of population did not have access to running water, HOWEVER 5% NOW THOUGH
- 37% of water lost through leaky pipes, fraud and illegal access
- Rio is severely affected by droughts
- 1998-2014, 7 new water treatment plants were built with over 300km of pipes laid
Energy Challenges Opportunities and Solutions
- 3X more people have access to electricity in urban areas than in rural areas
- Blackouts due to poor supply
- In Favelas, many people illegally tap into mains
- 60km of power lines, nuclear generator and hydroelectric complexes built
Economic Opportunities (formal sector)
- Ports
- Manufacturing
- Public Services (66%)
- Service industries
- Construction
Economic Challenges
- Unemployment over 20% in Favelas
- Most working in informal economy
- Government attempting to educate children to reduce this
Informal Economy
- Work done without official government knowledge, NO TAX PAID
- Poor, irregular pay
- Eg. Street Vendors
Air Pollution
- 40% more cars in last decade
- Congestion causes smog
Water Pollution
- Guanabara Bay highly polluted
- Polluted rivers flowing in
- Poor sewage system, so contamination happens
- Ships dump excess fuel
- 200 tonnes of sewage, 50 tonnes of industrial waste enter the Bay every day
- 12 new sewage treatment works built, with 5km of pipes laid
- Ships fined for dumping fuel
Waste Pollution
- Favelas built on steep slopes, so difficult to access
- Waste is dumped leading to vermin and disease
- Power plants burning waste were set up, consuming 30 tonnes of waste a day
Where are Favelas located?
- 60% in Suburbs
- 25% in outer parts of city
- Some built up to 40km away from city centre
- 22% OF RIO’S POPULATION LIVES IN FAVELAS
Improvements to Rocinha
Largest Favela in Rio
- 90% of homes built with brick and have electricity
- TVs Fridges
- McDonalds
- Schools, health facilities, private university
Challenges of Squatter Settlements
- Crime
- Pollution
- Health
- Construction
- Unemployment
- Services
Construction challenges
- Built on steep slopes
- Landslides caused 224 deaths in 2010
- Poor road access
Service challenges
12% of homes without water
- 30% without electricity
- 50% no sewage systems (often open drains)
Unemployment Challenges
- Up to 20%
- Poor pay
- Average incomes are less than £75 a month
Crime Challenges
- Murder rates as high as 20 per 1000 people
- Many Favelas controlled by Drug Gangs
- Public distrust in police due to violence and corruption
Health Challenges
- Infant mortality as high as 50 per 1000
- Waste can build up, fires can break out
Improvements to Favelas
- Relocation of population
- Raising taxes of wealthy
- Developing rural areas
- Schemes such as help for Rocinha, FAVELA BAIRRO PROJECT
Favela Bairro Project
Site and service scheme provided by the government of Rio
Land and services for residents are created for the building of residents homes
Favela Bairro Project positives
- Paved roads
- Access to water, sewage system
- Facilities and services
- Crime control
Favela Bairro project negatives
- $1 billion in costs, may not cover every favela
- Infrastructure probably not properly maintained
- Rents may rise, making poorer people worse off
