Physical Landscapes in the UK : Glacial Landscapes Flashcards
1
Q
Freeze Thaw Weathering
A
- Water flows between cracks in rocks
- Which freezes into ice overnight
- Ice expands
- Weakens rock, easier for glaciers to erode
- eventually breaks rock apart and it weathers away
2
Q
Abrasion
A
- Glacier moves pebbles against rock
- Acting like sandpaper
- smooths the rock
3
Q
Plucking
A
- Process of erosion
- Glacier moves over rock and plucks it
- Pulling away chunks of rock
- Leaving gauges and jagged rock
4
Q
Basal Sliding
A
- Water lubricates glacier
- Enabling it to slide downhill
5
Q
Rotational Slip
A
- When a glacier is in a hollow
- Movement is curved
- Causing movement of ice
6
Q
Bulldozing
A
- When glacier pushes loose debris ahead of it
- Essentially transporting it downhill
- Like a bulldozer
7
Q
Till
A
- Fragments of rock left behind as
- As a glacier moves
- Due to a lack of water to transport it
8
Q
Outwash
A
- Attrition rounds rock and diminishes it in size
- This sandy material is called outwash
9
Q
Corrie Formation
A
- Snow accumulates in a hollow of a mountain
- Compresses to ice
- Freeze thaw weathering steepens back wall
- Rotational slip gouges hollow deeper
- Scree and moraine from freeze thaw weathering and plucking accumulate forming the corrie lip
- Ice may melt to form a tarn
10
Q
Arete formation
A
- Formed by two back to back corries
11
Q
Pyramidal Peak formation
A
- Formed by three back to back corries
12
Q
Glacial Trough formation
A
- Abrasion forms steep sided, wide and flat bottomed valley
- V shaped valley eroded by abrasion by glacier forming U shaped troughs
13
Q
Truncated Spurs formation
A
- Glacier unable to flow around existing interlocking spurs
- So ploughs straight through
- Forming steep edged truncated Spurs
14
Q
Hanging Valleys Formation
A
- Smaller glaciers feeding into main glacier
- Main glacier was lower than tributary ones
- Forming hanging valleys
15
Q
Ribbon Lake formation
A
- Formed from severe erosion when a tributary glacier joins a main glacier
- Or erosion of a weaker rock
16
Q
Ground Moraine
A
- Material dragged underneath glacier
- And left behind when ice melts
17
Q
Lateral Moraine
A
- Forms at edges of glacier
- Mostly scree from FTW of valley sides
- When ice melts it forms a low ridge on valley sides
18
Q
Medial Moraine
A
- When tributary glacier joins main glacier
- Two lateral moraines merge to form a medial moraine
- A single line of sediment running down the centre of the main glacier
- On melting it forms a ridge down the center of the valley
19
Q
Terminal Moraine
A
- Huge amounts of material that pile up at the snout of the glacier
- often 10s of metres high
20
Q
Drumlims
A
- Smooth egg shaped hills
- 10m high
- Several hundred metres long
- Found in clusters on the floor of a glacial trough
- Made from moraine that has been streamlined and shaped by moving ice
- Blunt end indicates the direction of movement of a glacier
21
Q
Erratics
A
- Large boulder
- With different geology to its surroundings
- Deposited by a melted glacier
- Used to trace history of glaciers
22
Q
What are the opportunities of Glaciated areas?
A
- Farming
- Quarrying
- Tourism
- Forestry
23
Q
Farming opportunities in glaciated areas
A
- Upland areas can be used for sheep to graze
- Flat bottomed glacial troughs are rich in minerals with thick soil
- So can be used to grow crops
- Lowland glaciated areas can be covered with a thick later of till
- Which is very fertile, so is well suited for intensive farming
24
Q
Forestry opportunities in glaciated areas
A
- Upland areas have acidic soils
- Conifers are suited to acidic soils
- Grow back every 20-30 years so can be used for paper as a renewable source
25
Quarrying opportunities in glaciated areas
- Abundance in Limestone
- Very useful in the chemical industry for cement
- Hard rock
- Can be used for construction
26
Tourism opportunities in glaciated areas
- Spectacular glacial scenery
- Outdoor activities
- Hiking, fishing, skiing, climbing, mountain biking, photography
27
Example for conflict in glaciated areas
- LAKE DISTRICT
- Wind farms
Pros
- Renewable energy source
- Provides energy for locals
- Less contribution to climate change
Cons
- Destroys natural habitat
- Visually intrusive for locals
- May reduce tourists, economically damaging
- Expensive
28
Social benefits of tourism in Lake District?
- Tourists enjoy activities
29
Social negatives of tourism in Lake District?
- House prices are high
- 14.8 million tourists is very
intrusive on lives of locals'
- Increased population means more traffic and congestion
30
Economic benefits of tourism in Lake district?
- Lots of money spent, helps hotels, shops, restaurants
- Locals have increased income from working and more customers
- New businesses can start for new activities
- Job opportunities increase
31
Economic negatives of tourism in Lake District?
- Traffic congestion can interrupt business communications
| - Jobs in tourism are mostly seasonal, unreliable and poorly paid
32
Environmental positives of tourism in Lake District?
- More money spent, so more money can be put towards environmental causes
33
Environmental negatives of tourism in Lake District?
- More tourists means more litter
- More tourists means more pollution via exhaust fumes of cars
- Erosion of landscapes from bikers, walkers, cars
34
What attracts Tourists to the Lake District?
- Windermere lake gives amazing scenery
| - Activities
35
How is tourism managed in the Lake District?
- Dual carriageways built to help with congestion problems
- Creating paths to reduce erosion
- Park and Ride bus schemes for tourists reduces CO2 emissions
