Section A Q2

Question 1

What did jonsson et al (2014) investigate

Answer 1

Investigated the % of RCTs that report adverse events.

Question 2

How many studies were in jonsson et al (2014) . How many reported adverse events

Answer 2

1. 132
2. 28/132

Question 3

How many reported adverse events and what did they report

Answer 3

1. 4 reported full adverse events and collection method.
   2.5 reported adverse events but no collection method.
2. 4 briefly stated no adverse events.
3. 11 reported deterioration only.

Question 4

What did jonsson et al. (2014) show

Answer 4

That a low number of studies actually report adverse events.

Question 5

What conclusion can you draw from jonsson et al. (2014)

Answer 5

That there needs to be more guidelines when reporting adverse events in trials.

Question 6

What did Krauss et al. (2018) assess

Answer 6

They assessed the claim that RCTs provide unbiased evidence for psychotherapy interventions.

Question 7

What did krauss et al (2018) find about RCTS

Answer 7

1. Biased participant characteristics
2. Neglected alternative factors.
3. Partial / unblinded trials.

Question 8

What conclusions to improve RCTs did Krauss et al. (2018) make.

Answer 8

1. Researchers must be aware of assumptions, biases and limitations prior to research.
2. Transparency in reporting.
3. Integrating multiple research methods.

Question 9

What did speith (2016) do

Answer 9

He made key recommendations for design, conduct and reporting RCTS.

Question 10

What were speiths (2016) key recommendations

Answer 10

1. Define clinically relevant endpoint.
   2.report significant and non-significant results.
2. Register trials pre conducting to enhance transparency and accountability.
3. Disclosing conflicts of interest.
4. Interim analysis of harms/benefits.

Question 11

What did rozental et al. (2016) examine

Answer 11

Examined whether adverse events were commonly reported by people who have completed/engaged with psychotherapy

Question 12

What did rozental et al (2016) aim to develop

Answer 12

‘Negatives effects questionnaire’ to monitor and report occurrence and impact of negative effects during treatment.

Question 13

How many participants in rozental et al.(2016)

Answer 13

653 participants who were undergoing or undergone psychotherapy for social anxiety.

Question 14

What were the common negative effects found in rozental et al. (2016)

Answer 14

1. More than 1/3rd reported experiencing items related to unpleasant memories and anxiety.
2. Increased or novel symptoms as well as lack of quality in treatment and therapeutic relationships were reported to have highest negative impact.