Depression

Question 1

What was at the core of Haeffel et al. (2008) model of depression

Answer 1

Cognitive vulnerability which refers to negative cognitive style and rumination. Results in dysfunctional cognitive schemas which shape interpretation and response in stressful situations and everyday life.

Question 2

What did Haeffe et al (2008) say interacted

Answer 2

Stress and cognitive vulnerability interaction acts as a trigger to activate negative cognitive pattern and rumination

Question 3

Haeffel et al. (2008) cog vulnerability leads to hopelessness which is…

Answer 3

A key factor of cognitive vulnerability and plays a central role in fostering negative beliefs. This influences cognitive reactivity which exacerbates negative symptoms.

Question 4

What did Haeffel et al. (2017) investigate

Answer 4

Investigated cognitive vulnerability claim from Haeffel (2008)

Question 5

What did Haeffel (2017) findings indicate

Answer 5

That cognitive vulnerability can predict treatment outcome in diverse populations

Question 6

What were the 3 populations in Haeffel et al. (2017)

Answer 6

1. Male juveniles
2. US veterans
3. US veterans

Question 7

What was found from these 3 populations in Haeffel et al. (2017)

Answer 7

1. In 2/3 studies higher cognitive vulnerability associated with poorer treatment outcome and greater post depression
   2, cognitive vulnerability plays significant role in influencing course and outcome of depression.

Question 8

What did Aaron et al. (2016) investigate

Answer 8

Provided an updated assessment of anti-depressants

Question 9

What were Aaron et al. (2016) find

Answer 9

1. Significant benefit of SSRIs and significant efficacy in managing depression - It suggests that SSRIs have been found to be effective in alleviating symptoms of depression. The term “significant benefit” implies that the positive effects of SSRIs in treating depression are noteworthy and clinically meaningful, potentially leading to improvements in overall functioning and quality of life for individuals experiencing depressive symptoms.
2. Miaserin efficacy

BUT LIMITED DURATION AND FUNDING

Question 10

What did Oud et al. (2019) investigate

Answer 10

Investigated CBT for youths through 31 studies. They investigated if specific combinations/absences of CBT components affect effectiveness.

Question 11

What did Oud et al. (2019) find

Answer 11

1. CBT effectively reduces symptoms immediately post CBT
2. Magnitude of reduction small

Question 12

What factors did Oud et al. (2019) state could potentially enhance CBT

Answer 12

1. Incorporating behavioural activation
2. Challenging thoughts
3. Involve care givers (especially youths).