Section A:Philosophical Underpinnings Flashcards
What is Description?
Facts about a phenomenon that can be quantified, classified and examined for possible similarities to other known facts.
What is Prediction?
Repeated observations that reveal that observing other events can consistently result in accurately predicting an outcome.
What is control?
A specific change in one event can be produced reliably by manipulation of another event and this change is not due to extraneous variables.
What is selectionism?
Evolution and change happens through learning history and evolutionary development on individual level and on a species level.
What are two types of selectionism?
Phylogeny and ontogeny
What is phylogeny?
Evolution of species
What is ontogeny?
How environment changes an individual over their lifetime
What is determinism ?
Events that happen do not occur out of the blue, they occur for a reason in a predictable and orderly manner.
What is Empiricism?
Objective observation of the events in the environment us isn’t only our senses.
What is experimentation ?
Manipulation of independent variable to see the effects on the dependent variable to show functional relations.
What is replication?
Repetition of experiments to determine reliability and usefulness of findings. Showing the phenomenon under similar conditions more than once.
What is parsimony?
Ruling out simple, logical explanations before considering more complex ones.
What is philosophical doubt ?
Continue to question facts which are regarded as truth.
What is pragmatism ?
Something has value only when it leads to successful outcomes when applied practically.
