Section A

Question 1

Define Energy

Answer 1

ability to perform work

Question 2

Define Power

Answer 2

the rate at which work is performed

Question 3

Energy system for 100m sprint

Answer 3

ATP / PC system: anaerobic / does not need oxygen;
3 phosphocreatine / PC is broken down to produce energy OR
PC → P + C + energy;
4 energy is used to resynthesize ATP OR energy + ADP + P → ATP;
5 enzyme – creatine kinase;
yield – 1 ATP per molecule of PC

Question 4

Physiological benefits of a warm up

Answer 4

reduces risk of injury
increases enzyme activity
reduces EPOC
increases flexibility

Question 5

Describe one recognised method of evaluating aerobic capacity

Answer 5

Multi-stage fitness test

1) run shuttles in time with bleeps on CD (which get progressively quicker);
2) (when performer cannot keep up with bleeps) the
level AND number of shuttles is recorded;
3) result is compared to (normative) table (to give predicted VO2 max.);

Question 6

Outline an interval training programme to improve aerobic capacity.

Answer 6

1 2 or more times per week;
2 55–90% VO2 max. OR 60–95% max. HR;
3 high intensity OR (at least) three quarter pace;
4 400 metres or further OR 45 seconds or longer;
5 work:relief ratio 1:1 or less (time for relief less than or equal to work time);
6 (type) running / swimming / cycling / rowing / jogging;

Question 7

State two nutritional aids that would enhance performance during a marathon and explain
how each aid benefits a marathon runner.

Answer 7

1 fluid / water / hypotonic drinks; 2 prevents dehydration

5 energy / sports / glucose /
hypertonic drinks / gels / energy
bars / glucose / carbohydrates - carbohydrate energy boost

9 caffeine / ginseng / ephedrine /
herbal infusions; 10 enhances fat metabolism

Question 8

Describe the physiological effects of alcohol on performance in sport.

Answer 8

1 impairs motor ability / coordination / balance / reaction time;
2 causes dehydration;
3 reduces availability of glucose OR may cause hypoglycaemia;
4 reduces anxiety / physical effects of anxiety, e.g. shaking / muscle tremor;
5 reduces sensation of pain OR allows performer to train / work harder;
6 reduces body’s ability to remove lactic acid;
7 impairs decision-making / lose concentration;